有很多意向技术移民澳洲的小伙伴们来咨询飞出国的时候，当提到要做职业评估的时候，都是满头雾水，什么是职业评估，为什么要做职业评估？也有不少已经了解职业评估的移友们，常常会很纠结到底什么时候做职业评估，是先考了语言再去做职评，还是可以先做职评去等机会？下面让飞出国带大家了解职业评估Skills Assessment的一些基本概念。
职业评估的定义Skills Assessment Overview-飞出国
- 职业评估是由澳州移民局指定的职业评估机构对技术移民申请人的学历及工作履历进行的评估，由职业评估机构评定申请人是否符合该提名职业并用于移民申请。对于我们常说的技术移民189，190以及489/491签证申请，职业评估是必须的一个流程。
Applicants for the following points tested GSM visas must have a suitable skills assessment for their nominated occupation:
- Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189) — Points tested stream
- Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)
- Skilled Regional (provisional) visa (subclass 489) — Invited Pathway
To be invited to apply for a points tested visa, you must have nominated an occupation that is on the relevant skilled occupation list for that visa subclass.
When you submit your visa application you will need to provide evidence that you have a suitable skills assessment for your nominated occupation. You must have obtained a skills assessment by the time you are invited to apply.
- 职业评估结果的有效期在不同的职业评估机构有不同的说明，移民局统一规定的最长有效期是三年，对于职业评估机构规定的有效期短于三年的，则按照职业评估机构的有效期来算。其中，用于485毕业生签证的职业评估结果不能用于技术移民申请。
Your skills assessment must also be valid at the time you are invited to apply for a points tested visa. Validity periods are calculated as follows:
- If no validity period is shown on a skills assessment, the assessment is valid for 3 years from date of issue,
- If the validity period shown on a skills assessment is less than 3 years, the assessment is valid for the period stated on the assessment,
- If the validity period shown on a skills assessment is more than 3 years, the assessment is valid for three years from date of assessment.
You are encouraged to arrange your skills assessment well before you intend to submit your Expression of Interest (EOI) in SkillSelect. You cannot rely on a skills assessment that was obtained after you were invited to apply.
Skills assessing authorities may issue more than one type of skills assessment. You must have a skills assessment that meets the requirements for permanent migration. The criteria that an assessing authority uses for the different types of skills assessments is determined by them, set against their relevant professional standards.
Some assessing authorities issue a provisional skills assessment for recent graduates of Australian educational institutions, who are applying for a subclass 485 visa. A provisional skills assessment issued for a subclass 485 visa application is not a suitable skills assessment for a points tested visa application.
- 对于医生和律师这两类职业的职业评估，要求高且严格，需要满足移民局规定的要求才能用于移民申请。
For doctors, evidence of full registration is a suitable skills assessment. We accept one of the following certificates issued by the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) as evidence of full registration:
- full/unconditional/general medical registration
- conditional specialist registration — this registration allows you to practise only in your particular speciality, with no further training or supervision requirements.
For solicitors, evidence of admission to practice as a lawyer in the relevant Sate/Territory is a suitable skills assessment.
职业评估Skills Assessment与语言Language ability-飞出国
申请做职业评估的时候，是否需要提交语言成绩（比如雅思，托福，PTE等），以及对应的语言成绩要求多少，一般在职业评估机构的官方指南里会有说明。
常见的职业评估机构，比如ACS（计算机职业评估），AIM（高管职业评估），TRA（技工职业评估），VET等在职业评估申请时都不要求提供语言成绩；需要提供语言成绩的，常见的职评机构有EA（工程师职业评估），CPAA（会计评估），AIQS（工料测量师评估）等。
总言之，不论职评阶段是否需要语言成绩，考语言和准备职业评估申请材料都可以同步进行，毕竟，时间对于移民很关键，早准备总没错。
职业评估Skills Assessment与学历认证Qualification-飞出国
澳洲技术移民没有要求申请人必须做学历认证，但是学历认证或者学历认可一般都是包括在职业评估中的。比如VET职业评估，对于中国学历的申请人要做中国学历认证。
职业评估一般都是基于申请人的学历以及工作经历来评估的，所以一般所出具的评估结果都会提及申请人的学历认可情况，但是对于博士学历申请人，有的职业评估机构需要额外收取博士学历认证申请费，比如EA（工程师职业评估）。
职业评估Skills Assessment与工作年限Skilled Employment认证-飞出国
一般说来，职业评估机构的标准评估服务就是评定申请人是否符合提名职业的要求，是否能用该提名职业来申请移民，但是对于申请人哪些年的工作履历可以算作是与提名职业相关的（换言之，哪些工作年限可以用于移民加分）可能是职业评估机构的附加服务。
常见的ACS（计算机职业评估），VET，AIM（高管职业评估）等一般都会写明哪些工作履历可以算作提名职业相关的，对于EA（工程师职业评估），CPAA（会计职业评估）等，工作年限认证就属于额外的服务，也会需要提交额外的工作证明材料。
对于工作年限认证，移民局没有硬性要求，飞出国的实际案例证明，做不做工作年限认证都不影响移民局对申请人工作年限的打分。
职业评估Skills Assessment与州担保State sponsorship/签证申请Visa application-飞出国
职业评估是整个技术移民申请的第一步，因此，在州担保/签证申请之前，持有合格的职业评估函是必须的。
You are encouraged to arrange your skills assessment well before you intend to submit your Expression of Interest (EOI) in SkillSelect. You cannot rely on a skills assessment that was obtained after you were invited to apply.
If you don’t get a positive assessment result you cannot apply for a skilled migration visa.
有很多申请人对于职业评估总是迟疑，担心语言考不到合格的，担心是否有合适的州担保机会。根据飞出国多年的经验，职业评估早做总比晚做好，不论哪个职业评估，周期都至少是2个月起，但是州担保开放到关闭最快不到半天，所以机会来了再去准备职业评估往往来不及。
