加拿大移民5年住满3年后可入籍 Bill C-6 to Amend Citizenship Act - New 3 / 5 rule and campaign promises kept

加拿大时间 2月25日,加拿大移民部(原先叫 CIC,现在叫 IRCC)在议会提出了“修订公民法的法案”(An Act to amend the Citizenship Act) C-6,大概的条款:

  • 去除因国家安全原因剥夺加拿大公民身份的条款,
  • 去除要求申请人成为加拿大公民后继续居住在加拿大的条款,
  • 减少成为公民之前实际居住在加拿大的时间要求,申请人在成为永久居民之前的实际居住时间能够被计算(最多折合一年)。
  • 需要参加语言水平才能入籍的年龄段缩小到了18到54岁,
  • 移民部长有权没收有理由相信是虚假或不当获得或有可能作为冒充或不当用途的文件。

大家最关心的变化其实是关于入籍要求的,如果入籍要求改为5年之内住满3年,比4年内住满3年或6年内住满4年都更宽松。另外成为公民之后继续在加拿大居住意图的条款也被去除,也更人性化,更有利于加拿大吸引新移民。其他入籍方面要求变化不大或对打算入籍的申请人影响很小,这个只是提案,正式实施还要一段时间,但可以期待了。这里更多入籍政策的说明可以参考:


Bill C-6: An Act to amend the Citizenship Act got first reading today in the House of Commons and it is viewed by many as excellent.parliament-of-canada

Here is the main summary. This enactment amends the Citizenship Act to, among other things:
(a) remove the grounds for the revocation of Canadian citizenship that relate to national security;
(b) remove the requirement that an applicant intend, if granted citizenship, to continue to reside in Canada;
(c) reduce the number of days during which a person must have been physically present in Canada before applying for citizenship and provide that, in the calculation of the length of physical presence, the number of days during which the person was physically present in Canada before becoming a permanent resident may be taken into account;
(d) limit the requirement to demonstrate knowledge of Canada and of one of its official languages to applicants between the ages of 18 and 54; and
(e) authorize the Minister to seize any document that he or she has reasonable grounds to believe was fraudulently or improperly obtained or used or could be fraudulently or improperly used.

上面是参考律师的说明:http://jrlawoffice.com/bill-c-6-an-act-to-amend-the-citizenship-act/

Bill C-6 to Amend Citizenship Act; New 3 / 5 rule and campaign promises kept, and understanding what changes are proposed:

There have been several topics about what changes the Liberal government should make to the Citizenship Act, mostly focused on rolling back or outright repealing some, much, or even all of the changes that were implemented by the SCCA (Bill C-24).

Now that Minister McCallum has formally tabled Bill C-6 (An Act to Amend the Citizenship Act), the proposed revisions are very specific.

This proposed legislation is far, far more extensive than I anticipated, and the text of Bill C-6 only became available online barely an hour or so ago. Amending legislation is not easily read and understood. There were many elements in Bill C-24 which remained somewhat unclear even after it was adopted and parts were actually implemented. And some important consequences were still just becoming apparent some two years after that Bill was formally tabled (February 2014).

Thus, there is still a great deal to digest, to sort out, to try to understand in context.

Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship (IRCC) has, as would be typical, provided backgrounder information, which so far consists of both an Overview of the proposed changes (this should link) and a more detailed Comparative view of the proposed amendments (this too should link).

The text of Bill C-6 itself is now available online at the Current Bills page for the Parliament of Canada (this too should link) – follow link for Bill C-6 and then in upper right corner of that page there is a dropdown link for published versions of the Bill.

My view is that it would be helpful to engage in a separate discussion focused on what this legislation actually means, understanding what effect it will have, what actual provisions are affected and how, and related matters such as proposed date for the coming into force date for particular provisions.

So I am starting a separate topic for that discussion, toward understanding what is proposed, not about whether this or that is good or bad, should this or that not be done, or this or that be done in addition, not about political or ideological opinions.

But, rather, focused on simply understanding what the changes are and what they will mean.

There is much to talk about. As I noted, the scope of this proposed legislation goes well beyond what I saw anyone predicting, way beyond what I anticipated.

It warrants noting that while overall the changes reflect an ideology and approach which is very much Liberal, there are some changes which impose tougher rules. Most notably is the proposed amendment to include Conditional sentencing as both a prohibition and as time to be excluded from the calculation of physical presence. This is one of those changes which I do not fully understand as yet, wondering if this will include conditional discharges, that is, cases in which a person is charged with an offence, the Crown apprehends it is minor enough or the evidence weak enough to allow the charges to be totally dismissed after a conditional period of time. We see many queries about such cases in the anecdotal reports in this and other forums. Many of these evolve out of a domestic argument which involved law enforcement and the arrest of one of the persons involved, and while the Crown is not willing to dismiss the charges outright, the Crown gives the accused a deal which will dismiss the charges after the conditional period is completed (typically including conditions like no further charges). If this change covers these cases, a large number of individuals will be detrimentally affected.

In any event, again, there is much to digest.

Key resources for now, again, are:

Bill C-6 itself: the text of Bill C-6 (this should link)

Overview of prosed changes:
Overview of the proposed changes (this should link)

A more detailed comparative analysis of the proposed changes:
Comparative view of the proposed amendments (this should link)

Cautionary note: as has been observed in other topics, the Senate continues to be controlled by Conservatives, dominated by Conservatives appointed by Stephen Harper. While it would be unusual for the Senate to outright preclude legislation approved by the House of Commons, it has happened. This legislation is profoundly liberal in many respects and is bound to rile the opposition, potentially inciting more than merely the gnashing of teeth. I have little idea to what extent this might result in a fight which goes to the level of Senate obstructionism, but for now that possibility cannot be casually dismissed.

canada visa .

加拿大联邦政府正在废除前保守党政府在公民法上采取的一些措施.

星期四(2月25日),加拿大移民部长麦家廉( John McCallum)向议会递交了C-24法案的修订案。

C-24法案,全称是“加强加拿大公民法”( Strengthening Canadian Citizenship Act),由前保守党政府提出,在2015年成为法律,该法案引出诸多争议

根据 C-24法案,拥有双重国籍的人,若被法庭裁决犯有恐怖罪、间谍罪或叛国罪,加拿大政府有权剥夺其加拿大国籍。

自由党在竞选中就大力抨击 C-24法案,加拿大广播公司的Tom Parry报道说,星期四,移民部长麦家廉表示,以前的法律有“滑坡”的风险,我们有刑法系统,有法庭,有关押罪犯的监狱,这是我们的处理方式。

他同时表示,那些在申请公民时弄虚作假的人,仍可以被取消公民身份。

放宽居住、语言要求

新法案也减少了要求移民入籍前必须住在加拿大的时间。

目前申请人在入籍之前必须在 6 年内住满 4 年,修订后的法案将把这一要求减为 5 年内住满 3 年。

另外,现在的公民法要求14 岁至 64 岁之间的入籍申请人必须经过语言和公民知识考试,证明自己的英语或法语水平,以及对加拿大的了解程度。

修订后的公民法,将把必须参加考试的年龄范围缩小到 18 岁至 54 岁。

预计修订后的加拿大公民法在获得议会通过后,将在今年实施。

2017 年C6法案(新《公民法》)5.3在参议院以45票支持、29票反对、零票弃权正式通过。加拿大移民申请人又一福音:

1、入籍时间放宽

由6年里住满4年(再之前是4年累计住3年),改为5年里住满3年。申请人在加拿大获得永久居住权之前的时间(以难民、临时居民身份、留学生身份等)也计算在内。

留学生住在加拿大的留学时间以50%折算,最多可计算一年,这点未变。

2、“留加意图”条款被取消:

任何加拿大合法公民都有自由迁徙的权利,公民若搬到加拿大境外,不会废除其公民身份。

加拿大政府只能有一条取消公民身份及国籍的理由:发现申请人在申请公民身份的过程中造假。

3、入籍语言要求调整

提议将需要参加入籍英语/法语考试的年龄范围从14岁至64岁,重新调整为18岁至54岁,或18岁至60岁。

4、报税记录时间减少

原法案C-24规定需要提供过去6年内4年的报税记录,而新法案只要求提供过去5年内3年的报税记录即可。

5、允许未成年人在没有父母协助的情况下申请公民身份,当前是孩子必须等到18岁才能独立申请或跟随父母入籍。

A bill to change Canada’s Citizenship Act has finally been passed by the Senate with amendments, bringing the legislation closer than ever to becoming law. As a result of this bill, immigrants to Canada would be able to apply for Canadian citizenship earlier and more easily than before.

In a vote of 45 for, 29 against, and zero abstentions, Bill C-6 passed the Senate at around 4 p.m. on May 3, 2017. Senators in Ottawa have asked their colleagues in the House of Commons to review the bill, including amendments added by the Senate after the draft bill was previously passed by the House of Commons in June of last year. The bill must receive royal assent before becoming law.

C-6 reduces the amount of time permanent residents have to live in Canada in order to become eligible to apply for citizenship, from four out of six years to three out five years. In addition, applicants who spent time in Canada on temporary status — such as on a work or study permit — would be able to count a portion of this time towards the three-year requirement.

The bill removes the intent to provide provision, and an increased number of applicants would be exempt from language proficiency requirements. The bill passed by the House of Commons last year placed an age range of 18 to 54 for language testing, but this was amended to 18 to 60 in the Senate following an amendment tabled by Independent Senator Diane Griffin.

While being read in the Senate, Senators passed a number of other amendments to the bill. Among these were a provision requiring the Immigration Minister to inform individuals who have their citizenship revoked due to fraud or misrepresentation that they have the right to appeal the decision in Federal Court. Bill C-24, the Strengthening Canadian Citizenship Act introduced by the previous Conservative government, removed the right to a Federal Court hearing for individuals subject to revocation of citizenship in cases where it was found that citizenship was obtained by fraud. Since C-24 came into effect, affected individuals have 60 days to respond in writing after being informed that their citizenship will be revoked.

2017年2月份的一篇关于新公民法入籍部分的相关报道:

留住人才发展经济,入籍新政全面放宽

入籍新政C-6法案一旦通过,对移民入籍要求大大降低,减短了入籍的时间要求,语言要求放宽,对于新移民、临时海外工人和国际留学生都是重大的好消息。对此,前任联邦移民部长麦家廉曾经表示,这些新变化将有利于排除移民路上的困难,帮助新移民在加拿大建立起新的生活。

与现行《公民法》相比,新法主要有哪四个方面的改革:

1、五年内住满3年即可入籍

① 现行规定:要求在6年内住满4年,并且每年要住满183天;

② 新法:缩短在加拿大的居住时间要求,5年内住3年即可入籍,取消每年住满183天的规定。

2、计算居住时间更灵活

① 现行规定:以非永久居民身份在加拿大的居住时间不计算在内;

② 新法:以非永久居民身份在加拿大居住的时间可以计算在内,计算方法是每2天算1天,上限是非永久居民的2年居住时间折算成1年。举例来说,如果成为永久居民之前已经在加住满2年,那么在成为永久居民之后,只需在5年内再住满2年就可以申请入籍。

3、语言要求降低

① 现行规定:要求14岁至64岁之间的入籍申请人必须经过语言和公民知识考试;

② 新法:18岁至54岁申请者需要通过语言和公民知识考试,年龄范围缩小。

4、报税要求简化

① 现行规定:要求申请者在6年中向税务局申报至少4年的收入;

② 新法:申请者在5年等待期中,向加拿大税务局申报3年的收入。

但是,之前人们都认为倍受关注的加拿大移民入籍新法案C-6法案将会在去年7月就开始实施。然而直到现在该法案目前仍在加拿大参议院等待审议状态 ,我相信不少移民的小伙伴儿们等的花儿都快谢了。

加拿大入籍C-6法案通过,或7.1实施

2017年6月17日,在众议院三读通过C-6法案,预期7月1日加拿大国庆日生效。5年住3年,降低语言要求,未成年可以入籍。

https://openparliament.ca/bills/42-1/C-6/