为了缓解本国的劳动力短缺, 经过德国大联合政府的艰难谈判,近日联盟党和社民党终于就涉及移民新规的两个法案达成一致,随后内阁会议正式通过该法案。如无意外,这项对技术人才极大利好的移民法案将在2020年1月1日正式实施。
根据法案之一《专业劳工移民法》(Fachkräfteeinwanderungsgesetz),德国将降低非欧盟国家及地区专业劳工准入障碍,以能使更多外国专业劳工进入德国。迄今,德国的技术移民政策只适用于受过高等教育的专业人士。与之配套的另一法案取名为《就业容忍法》(Beschäftigungsduldungsgesetz)。根据该法,有容忍居留身份、能自食其力并较好融入社会的外国人将获得30个月居留身份,前提之一是,拥有全职工作至少达到18个月。该项法规暂定实施至2022年6月30日止。
划重点!
1. 新移民法取消对申请人行业和教育背景的严格限制,有一技之长的技校和专科院校毕业生也可以来德国!· 飞出国
依照目前德国的法律规定,至少拥有本科文凭的外国专业人员或高校毕业生有权在德国的各个领域就职。而新的移民法则向有行业经验或职业教育背景的人打开了移民德国的大门。
2. 取消针对非欧盟求职者的“优先审核”限制,即取消所谓的优先保障本地人口就业制度·飞出国
截至目前,非欧盟地区申请者即使在德国找到了雇主,签署了工作合同,还需要跨国德国劳工局设置的门槛。
德国劳工局会审查在本国及欧盟范围内有没有类似的人才或待业人员能够从事相关工作,(先顾及本国人才)只有在无法找到合适欧盟范围内从业者的情况下,德国劳工局才会向非欧盟国家申请者发放工作许可。 新的《移民法》取消了这一审核制度。
3. 降低技术人员来德求职门槛·飞出国
想来德国找工作?可以!德国给你半年的时间!
德国新移民法规定有专业背景的人才或高校毕业生可以在没有得到具体就职邀请的情况下,进入德国半年寻找工作。
但是!!有条件!足够的德语和足够的留德生活费用
持有求职签证的人员不能申请领取社会福利,并且需具备从事其专业背景职业所必须的德语水平。在进入德国之前,申请者必须证明有足够的经济实力,能支付在德国寻找就业岗位期间的生活费用。德国劳工部也有权推出规定,限制不给予发放求职签证的就业领域。
25 岁以下的在校或正在接受培训的年轻人 ,可以申请为期半年的签证,在德国寻找接受职业教育或高等教育的机会。
More skilled workers for Germany
Cabinet adopts new legislation on skilled worker immigration
The German government has decided to lower the barriers and allow more skilled workers to come to Germany. The Act on Skilled Worker Immigration will make it easier for skilled workers from non-EU states to come to Germany in future. This is one building brick in efforts to alleviate Germany’s shortfall of skilled workers.
The new law regulates clearly and transparently who is entitled to come to Germany for training and work and who isn’t.
Ensuring an adequate supply of skilled workers is one of the key tasks of the government during this legislative period. If Germany’s economy is to remain strong, there must be a secure and extended supply of skilled workers in line with the needs of industry.
The focus is firstly on the potential available on the German and European markets. Against the background of demographic change, the Federal Republic of Germany also needs skilled workers from third states though. Here, the German government is pursuing a holistic approach. The new legislation is only part of a strategy on skilled workers that was also adopted on Wednesday.
Needs-driven immigration of skilled workers
With the new legislation, the German government is putting in place a framework for forward-looking, needs-driven immigration of skilled workers from non-EU states. The coalition is thus realising a key project in the field of migration policy.
The legislation regulates clearly and transparently who is entitled to come to Germany for training or work, and who is not.
The major changes include the following:
- The one term ‘skilled worker’ is used for both university graduates and employees with full vocational qualifications.
- Where an applicant has the requisite qualification and an employment contract, it will no longer be reviewed whether it would not have been possible to find a suitable German or EU candidate for the post.
- Candidates with full vocational qualifications will not only be accepted for occupations already suffering a shortfall of skilled workers.
- Skilled workers with full vocational qualifications will be able to come to Germany for a limited period to seek employment, as is already the case for university graduates (provided their German skills are of the required standard and they are able to finance their living costs).
- It is to be easier to stay in Germany to undertake upgrading with a view to having vocational and professional qualifications recognised.
- Simplified procedures, pooling of responsibilities and placing them in the hands of central aliens authorities and accelerated procedures for skilled workers round off the innovations.
Parallel measures
To specifically raise the level of immigration of qualified skilled workers from non-EU states, the German government is taking additional and parallel steps to improve administrative procedures. They include visa procedures, targeted advertising measures to be conducted jointly with the private sector, accelerating the recognition of foreign qualifications, and more efforts to promote the German language, especially abroad.
Immigration to work
“We do not want to see immigration to make use of our welfare system. We want to see immigration to work. That is our goal. In this way we can also go some way to pushing back illegal migration,” explained Federal Interior Minister Horst Seehofer at a joint press conference with Federal Labour Minister Hubertus Heil and Federal Minister for Economic Affairs Peter Altmaier in Berlin. That is why the distinction between asylum-seeking and labour-related migration is to be retained.
来源:德国联邦政府官网