飞出国：澳洲移民统计报告中经常会出现“净移民”相关的统计数据，那么净移民具体指的是什么呢？
净移民指的是通过移民到澳洲以及从澳洲移民出去的人口净收益或损失。移民流动对澳洲的劳动力供应，国民收入，住房可用性，文化多元性以及社会凝聚力都有影响。往返澳洲的旅客数量以及特征的变化都会影响澳洲各级政府的决策和未来规划。
NOM is the net gain or loss of population through immigration to Australia and emigration from Australia. Migration flows impact on issues such as Australia’s labour supply; national income; housing availability; cultural diversity; and social cohesion. Variations in the volume and characteristics of travellers to and from Australia impact on policy decisions and future planning at all levels of government.
净移民是根据16个月期间有在澳洲境内或者境外停留12个月或更长时间的国际旅行者来计算以下两者的差：
- 16个月内在澳洲停留12个月或更长时间的入境国际旅客人数，目前未计入人口总数中，后续被添加到人口总数中（净移民入境人数）
- 16个月内在澳洲境外12个月或更长时间的出境国际旅客人数，目前计入人口总数中，后续从人口总数中减去（净移民离境人数）
NOM is ‘based on an international travellers’ duration of stay being in or out of Australia for 12 months or more over the 16 month period (12/16 month rule), and is the difference between:
- the number of incoming international travellers who stay in Australia for 12 months or more within 16 months, who are not currently counted within the population, and are then added to the population (NOM arrivals)
- the number of outgoing international travellers (Australian residents and long-term visitors to Australia) who leave Australia for 12 months or more within 16 months, who are currently counted within the population, and are then subtracted from the population (NOM departures).
“16个月内12个月”的规则意味着所有短于这个时间范围的出入境移动都不算做净移民入境或离境。这就意味着即不是永久居民，只要他们16个月内在澳洲有停留12个月（即使有短暂出境）也算作净移民入境者，因此，净移民就会涉及永久居民，临时居民，新西兰公民和澳洲公民。
This ‘12/16 month rule’ means all short term movements (such as less than 12 in 16 months) do not count as either NOM arrivals or NOM departures. It also means that people who are not permanent residents of Australia can be counted as NOM arrivals, even if they leave Australia briefly (however many times they want) so long as their time in Australia adds up to at least 12 months within a 16 month window. It therefore includes permanent and temporary migrants, as well as New Zealand and Australian citizens.
