参考： 加拿大建筑师认证CACB(Canadian Architectural Certification Board)
加拿大建筑师认证协会 - 飞出国
加拿大建筑师协会是得到加拿大建筑职业的认可的唯一一个履行以下职责的组织：
- 对建筑专业毕业生的学历进行评估
- 对加拿大大学的建筑学专业学历进行认证
- 对有丰富经验的国外建筑师的专业学历进行认证
如果你刚从某大学建筑学专业毕业，欢迎你浏览此网站，尤其是学历资质"部分的信息.
如果你是加拿大境外的建筑师，受过培训，有着丰富经验，想要在加拿大注册/获得职业资格证，请浏览该网页-经验丰富的国外建筑师（BEFA）了解BEFA项目和申请流程等相关信息。
如果你想在建筑行业工作，请访问[认证资格](http://www.cacb-ccca.ca/index.cfm Repertoire_No=660386109&Voir=menu&M=1357)网页了解关于加拿大认可的建筑类大学的信息。
浏览加拿大建筑学（加拿大皇家建筑师协会）网站了解更多加拿大建筑学教育和执业等方面的信息。网址如下：http://www.cacb-ccca.ca/index.cfm?Repertoire_No=660386109&Voir=menu&M=1358#13123
The CACB is the sole organization recognized by the architectural profession in Canada to:
- assess the educational qualifications of architecture graduates
- accredit professional degree Programs in architecture offered by Canadian Universities
- certify the professional qualifications of Broadly Experienced Foreign Architects
If you are a recent graduate from a university programme in Architecture, we welcome you and encourage you to browse our site, especially the Academic “Certification” webpage section.
If you are an experienced internationally trained architect seeking licensure/registration in Canada, we encourage you to browse the Broadly Experienced Foreign Architects (BEFA) webpage section to understand the BEFA Program and the process that must be followed in pursuing this option.
If you are considering a career in architecture, please visit our “[Accreditation](http://www.cacb-ccca.ca/index.cfm Repertoire_No=660386109&Voir=menu&M=1357)” webpage, to browse through the web sites of the Canadian accredited University Schools of Architecture.
Moreover, we invite you to visit Architecture Canada (Royal Architectural Institute of Canada) website to better appreciate Architecture in Canada from both educational and practice perspective:
http://www.cacb-ccca.ca/index.cfm?Repertoire_No=660386109&Voir=menu&M=1358#13123
学历认证 ACADEMIC CERTIFICATION
学历认证是在加拿大申请建筑师注册或许可的第一步，也是必须的一步。然后是实习和考试。具体信息在你打算执业的省和领地协会了解。
学历认证以省/领地建筑师法案中的法律规定和加拿大执照局协议中关于认证的必需条件为基础。
学历认证根据加拿大教育标准中的条件和准则执行,这一教育标准是由加拿大注册机构制定的。加拿大建筑师协会是CES唯一管理者，它确保加拿大教育标准沿用至今。
加拿大建筑师认证协会为符合标准的申请人颁发教育学历资格证书，并对申请人已公证的机密文件进行登记。
想了解关于认证模式的信息，请点击这里
加拿大建筑师认证协会致力于对申请人的整个申请注册流程进行指导，确保过程的公正、公平。
Academic Certification is a mandatory first step towards registration and licensure. Subsequent steps are Internship and Exam. Detailed Information on that manner can be obtained from the Association of the Province/Territory in which you want to practice as an Architect.
Academic Certification is based on legal requirements entrenched in provincial/territorial Architects’ Acts, and the agreement of Canadian licensing authorities as to the mandatory character of such a certification.
Academic Certification is carried out in accordance with the conditions and criteria contained in the Canadian Education Standard established and acclaimed by the Canadian licensing authorities. The CACB, as the CES’s sole administrator, ensures that the Canadian Education Standard stays current.
The Board issues a Certificate of Educational Qualifications to applicants who meet the Standard and maintains a National Register of those certified and confidential records of all pertinent documentation for all applicants.
To find out under which Mode of Certification you fall, please click here.
The CACB strives to guide the applicants during the entire process to ensure transparent and fair process for all.
认证模式 Modes of Certification - 飞出国
在向加拿大各省建筑师协会申请注册之前，申请人必须先向CACB申请学历认证。学历认证之后，必须完成其所注册省的注册要求，包括实习和考试。
在加拿大，有4种方式可以满足加拿大省建筑师协会的教育标准。
Prior to registration with any of the provincial associations of architects in Canada, applicants must have their academic qualifications certified by the CACB. Following certification of their academic qualifications, applicants are then required to complete the licensing requirements (including internship and exams) for the province in which they wish to register.
There are four ways to satisfy the Canadian Education Standard for admission to provincial architectural associations in Canada:
1. 认可的专业项目Accredited professional program
如果申请人毕业于建筑学专业，且得到加拿大建筑师认证协会、全国建筑师认证局或该局授权的其他认证机构的认可，就符合要求。
Applicants may qualify through graduation from a professional program of architectural education which has been accredited by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board (CACB), or by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB), or an accrediting body recognized by the Board.
2.未经CABA认可的专业项目 Professional program not accredited by CACB.
该认证模式适用于以下毕业生：
- 在加拿大建筑师认证体系实施之前，毕业于加拿大建筑学校；
- 毕业于国外建筑学校
有以上学历/文凭的申请人得到CACB认证（有一个详细的个人评估记录）后，就满足加拿大教育标准了。
This mode of certification applies to the following graduates:
- Graduates of Canadian Schools of Architecture prior to the implementation of the Accreditation System for architecture in Canada; and
- Graduates of Foreign Schools of Architecture
Applicants with such degrees/diplomas can meet the Canadian Education Standard by obtaining CACB certification following a detailed evaluation of the individual’s record.
3.省协会注册的建筑师 Architects registered by a provincial association
符合以下任一情况的建筑师，均被视为有同等学历，符合加拿大教育标准：
- 1976年1月1日以前，在省协会注册的建筑师
- 1992年以前在魁北克建筑师机构注册过的建筑师
- 1992年以前学历得到阿尔伯特大学协调委员会认证的建筑师
Architects who were registered prior to July 1, 1976 by a provincial association, or by the Ordre des architectes du Québec prior to 1992, or whose education was certified by the Universities Coordinating Council in Alberta prior to 1992, are accepted as having equivalent education to satisfy the Canadian Education Standard.
4.通过RAIC大纲学习项目满足加拿大教育标准 Satisfaction of the Canadian Education Standard through the RAIC Syllabus of Studies
如果完成了加拿大皇家建筑师协会（RAIC）教学大纲学习项目中规定的课程和指导研究，并取得相应证书，且满足加拿大教育标准，就可以获得CACB学历认证。
Applicants who have received a Diploma from the RAIC Syllabus of Studies Program upon completion of requisite courses and guided studies, may obtain the CACB certification if they comply with the Canadian Education Standard.
学历认证的要求和流程 Conditions and Procedures for the Certification of Educational Qualifications - 飞出国
加拿大教育标准得到11个建筑师执照局（CALA）的支持和认可：
- 卑诗省建筑协会
- 阿尔贝特省建筑师协会
- 加拿大西北地区建筑师协会
- 萨斯碦彻温省建筑师协会
- 马尼托巴省建筑师协会
- 安大略省建筑师协会
- 魁北克省建筑师协会
- 新不伦瑞克省建筑师协会
- 新斯科舍省建筑师协会
- 爱德华王子岛省建筑师协会
- 纽芬兰和拉布拉多省建筑师协会
加拿大教育标准包含一系列的评估标准和评估流程，适用于对CACB认可的专业学历进行评估；同时也适用于不被CACB认可的专业学历和文凭的评估。申请人的背景和情况各不相同，这些评估标准和流程能够确保评估的公正性。
CACB认证流程和学历认证标准是根据UNESCO/UIA Charter中关于建筑师学历规定的核心原则和UIA Accord的国际推荐标准（Recommended International Standards）中关于专业建筑师执业的相关材料而制定的。
http://www.cacb-ccca.ca/documents/CACB-CCCA_Candian_Education_Standard.pdf
The Canadian Education Standard is endorsed by all the following 11 Canadian Architectural Licensing Authorities (CALA):
- AIBC: Architectural Institute of British Columbia
- AAA : Alberta Association of Architects
- NWTAA: Northwest Territories Association of Architects
- SAA: Saskatchewan Association of Architects
- MAA: Manitoba Association of Architects
- OAA: Ontario Association of Architects
- OAQ: Ordre des architectes du Quebec
- AANB: Architects’ Association of New Brunswick/Association des architectes du Nouveau-Brunswick
- NSAA: Nova Scotia Association of Architects
- AAPEI: Architects Association of Prince Edward Island
- NLAA: Newfoundland and Labrador Association of Architects
The Canadian Education Standard consist of standards and procedures for the assessment of both professional degrees accredited by the CACB, and professional degrees or diplomas not accredited by the CACB. These standards and procedures have been chosen to assure that the assessments are equitable in each case, while accommodating the varied backgrounds and circumstances of the applicants.
The CACB procedures for Certification, and the education standards against which qualifications are measured, have been developed in accordance with both the core principles of the UNESCO/UIA Charter for Architectural Education and the relevant sections of the UIA Accord on Recommended International Standards on Professionalism in Architectural Practice.
http://www.cacb-ccca.ca/documents/CACB-CCCA_Candian_Education_Standard.pdf
加拿大教育标准CES - Canadian Education Standard - 飞出国
A部分-加拿大教育标准原则 PART A Principles of A Canadian Education Standard
省和领地法律赋予每个司法管辖区的职业监管机构制定职业能力标准的权利和责任，申请人只有符合了规定的能力标准才能执业。每个司法管辖区的职业能力通过正规教育、规定的工作经验和考试等方式审核。特殊情况下，如果申请人可以通过其他方式证明其能力满足要求，则不必通过以上规定的方式。
CACB于1976年通过加拿大执照局（CALA）委员会协议而建立，负责对个人的建筑学专业学历或证书进行评估。该评估依据监管部门制定的标准和流程来执行。1992年和2002年，魁北克建筑师协会和加拿大西北领地建筑师协会分别加入加拿大建筑师认证委员会（CACB）。
Board of Directors负责管理CACB并为其制定政策。
CACB认证流程和学历认证标准是根据UNESCO/UIA Charter中关于建筑师学历规定的核心原则和UIA Accord的国际推荐标准（Recommended International Standards）中关于专业建筑师执业的相关材料而制定的。CACB作为监管机构的代表，是全国建筑师认证和委员会（美国）和建筑师注册委员会（美国）的组成部分，签订了关于建筑学学历堪培拉协议，该协议于2008年获批，2010年正式实施。
Provincial and Territorial legislation has given each professional governing body both the authority and the responsibility to establish standards of competence for candidates seeking to practise architecture in their jurisdiction. Each jurisdiction has chosen to have this professional competence normally obtained and demonstrated through a combination of formal education, supervised experience and examination. Each jurisdiction may also, under extraordinary circumstances, exempt a candidate from some of these normal requirements if competency can be demonstrated by other reliable means.
The Canadian Architectural Certificate Board (CACB) was established in 1976 by an agreement of the Councils of the Canadian Architectural Licensing Authorities (Regulators), who grant it the authority to act on their behalf in assessing the educational qualification of individuals holding a professional degree or diploma in architecture. The assessments are made in accordance with standards and procedures established by the Regulators. L’Ordre des architectes du Québec joined the CACB in 1992, and the Northwest Territories Association of Architects in 2002.
The CACB is governed by a Board of Directors (the Board), which establishes the policies of the CACB. The Board appoints a Registrar who is empowered to issue a Certification of Educational Qualificate to persons so qualification and Assessment Committees who act on behalf of the Board and recommend to the Registrar.
The CACB procedures for Certification and the education standards against which qualification are measured, have been developed in accordance with both the core principles of the UNESCO/UIA Charter for Architectural Education and the relevant sections of the UIA Accord on Recommended International Standards on Professionalism in Architectural Practice. The CACB, acting on behalf of the Regulators, is part of working agreements with the National Architectural Accrediting & Board (USA) and the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (USA), and is a signatory to the Canberra Accord on Architectural Education, which was ratified in 2008 for implementation in 2010.
CACB 认证 CACB Certification - 飞出国
通常，学历必须满足CACB规定的专业学历要求,才能进行后续的注册或登记流程。学历认证是根据该文件B和C部分的标准进行评估。满足监管机构的学历要求后，申请人需要完成所注册省份或领地的其他要求。不同省份或领地有不同的要求，时间不同，相应的法律发生变化，其要求也会有所变化。当前的注册信息可以从相应的监管机构进行了解。
Normally, applicants must have their academic qualifi certifi as having met the educational requirement for entry to the profession by the CACB prior to, or as a part of, the application process for registration or licensure with any of the Canadian Architectural Licensing Authorities. The assessment of credentials for certifi is conducted in accordance with Parts B and C of this document. Following certification by the CACB that their academic qualifi meet the standard established by the Regulators, applicants are required to complete the remaining requirements for the province or territory in which they wish to be registered or licensed. These requirements vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may be affected from time to time by new legislation or changes in bylaws. Current information concerning requirements for registration or licensure should be obtained from the Regulator concerned.
加拿大标准和流程 Canadian Standards & Procedures - 飞出国
当前适用的能力标准是指必须有正规教育学历，且得到Regulators的一致认可。对专业学历（CACB或NAAB认可和不认可的均包含在内）进行评估的流程和标准是在它的基础上发展而来的。针对不同背景和情况的均适用，且保证了评估的公正性。不同类型的申请人有不同的标准，这些标准不完全相同，却是等同的。
Those current competency standards that are expected, by a consensus of the Regulators, to be achieved and demonstrated through formal education have been applied to the development of standards and procedures for the assessment of both professional degrees accredited by the CACB or NAAB, and professional degrees or diplomas not accredited by the CACB or NAAB. These standards and procedures have been chosen to assure that the assessments are equitable in each case, while accommodating the varied backgrounds and circumstances of the applicants. This results in standards for each category of applicant that are equivalent but not identical.
B部分-认证条件和流程 PART B Conditions and Procedures for Certification - 飞出国
条件 Conditions
1. 认可的专业学历 Accredited Professional Degree
取得CACB、NAAB或其他Registors授权机构认可的建筑专业学历后，CACB会授予申请人证书，证明其学历满足成为专业建筑师的学历要求。CACB建筑专业学历认证条件和流程文件上注明了建筑项目详细的评估流程和标准，也注明了个体申请人认证学历的认证流程（附录 A）。认证期间，这些标准和流程将被应用在大学建筑专业项目上，而不是应用在个人学历认证上。认可的专业学历是学士、硕士或博士学历。建筑学学前教育专业学位（Pre-professional degrees ）和后期专业（post-professional degrees）学位不符合学历要求。
Applicants may be granted CACB certificate that their education meets the standards for entry to the profession following graduation from a professional program of architectural education that has been accredited by the CACB, by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB), or by any other body recognized by the Regulators.While this document outlines the procedures for the Certification of an individual applicant’s accredited degree, the detailed procedures and standards for the evaluation of architecture programs seeking or maintaining accreditation are described in the document CACB Conditions and Procedures for Accreditation of Professional Degree Programs in Architecture (Appendix A).These Conditions and Procedures are meant to be applied to university professional programs in architecture during a periodic accreditation process, and not to the credentials of individual graduates. An accredited professional degree may be granted at either the Bachelor’s, the Master’s or the Doctor’s level. Pre-professional degrees in architectural studies by themselves, and post-professional degrees in related fi do not satisfy the requirements in this section.
2.非CACB认可的专业学历/文凭 Degree or Diploma Not Accredited by the CACB
如果申请人有建筑学学历，且符合自己国家的注册要求，但是没有在CACB或NAAB进行认证，可以申请CACB认证来确定一下自己的学历是否满足C-2部分的课程要求，自己的工作是否满足C-3部分的performance标准。这包含当前被认可的加拿大建筑学校毕业生（必须在该学校被CACB认可之前得到学历）。
该过程包括对个人学业成绩的详细评估。评估要求注明在C部分-非认可学历的评估流程和标准。
已获得来自RAIC教学大纲建筑学毕业文凭Graduate Diploma in Architecture 的申请人，经过必需课程和指导性研究方面的审核后（根据本文件C部分的performance标准进行审核）,就有可能得到CACB的学历认证。
Applicants with a valid degree or diploma in architecture that is a fi professional degree or diploma and is accepted as a requirement for registration or licensure in its country of origin, but is not accredited by the CACB or the NAAB, may apply for CACB certifi to determine whether their education, or the degree program, meets the curriculum standards of Part C-2 and in the judgment of the CACB, the candidate’s work meets the performance standards of Part C-3 of this document. This includes a graduate from a currently accredited Canadian school of architecture whose degree was granted prior to the school being accredited by the CACB.
The process involves a detailed evaluation of the individual’s academic record. The requirements for this evaluation are described in Part C, Procedures and Standards for Assessment of Non-accredited Degrees or Diplomas.
Applicants who have received a Graduate Diploma in Architecture from the RAIC Syllabus of Studies, may be granted CACB Certificate following a review of the requisite courses and guided studies, against the performance standards described in Part C of this document.
3.认证程序实施之前注册的建筑师 Architects Registered Prior to Adoption of the Certification Process
监管部门（Regulators）认为以下情况的建筑师已经有同等学历，符合加拿大教育标准，提交申请后可以被授予加拿大建筑师协会的证书。
- 1976年1月1日以前，在省协会注册的建筑师
- 1992年以前在魁北克建筑师机构注册过的建筑师
- 1992年以前学历得到阿尔伯特大学协调委员会认证的建筑师
The Regulators have agreed that Architects who were registered or licensed prior to July 1, 1976 by a provincial association, or by the Ordre des architectes du Québec prior to 1992, or whose education was certified by the Universities Coordinating Council in Alberta prior to 1992, are accepted as having equivalent education to satisfy the Canadian Education Standard, and may be granted CACB Certifi upon application.
流程 Procedures - 飞出国
下面是对每个类别认证流程的总结：
Following is a summary of the Procedures followed for Certification in each of the categories identifi in Part B:
1. 认可的学历/项目Accredited Degrees/Programs
该类别的认证申请表和详细说明在该网站获取： www.cacb-ccca.ca.
CACB在收到学历认证申请表、其他要求的材料和费用后，会审核你的资格，注册员会发给你证书。
Application Forms and detailed instructions for Certifi under this category are available online at www.cacb-ccca.ca.
Upon receipt of an Application for Certifi of Academic Qualifi , all required supporting documentation and any required fee, CACB staff will verify eligibility under this category and the Registrar will issue a Certificate.
2a. 非认可的学历或文凭 Non-accredited Degrees or Diplomas
该类别的认证申请表和详细说明在该网站获取： www.cacb-ccca.ca. 注意，如果在某加拿大建筑学校得到建筑学学历，且是在CACB对此学校认可之前取得的，该申请人可以需提交单独的申请表 。CACB根据C部分的流程评估你的学历。
CACB在收到学历认证申请表、其他要求的材料和费用后，会审核你的资格.合格的申请被送到评估委员会，根据C部分的课程和表现标准评估你的submission,然后推荐给the Registrar.一旦评估委员会审核通过，the Registrar 就会给你颁发证书。
Application Forms and detailed instructions for Certifi under this category are available online at www.cacb-ccca.ca. Note that a separate application form and submission requirement are available for graduates from a currently accredited Canadian school of architecture whose degree was granted prior to the school being accredited by the CACB. The CACB will assess the content of the degree program in accordance with the procedures detailed in Part C (see page 7).
Upon receipt of an Application for Assessment of Academic Qualification , all requested supporting documentation and any required fee, CACB staff will fi verify the applicant’s eligibility under this category. Eligible applications will be sent to an Assessment Committee that will assess the applicant’s submission, against the curriculum and performance standards of Part C, and will recommend to the Registrar. Upon approval by the Assessment Committee, the Registrar will issue a Certificate。
2b.RAIC教学大纲学习项目的毕业证 Graduate Diploma from the RAIC Syllabus of Studies
该类别的认证申请表和详细说明在该网站获取： www.cacb-ccca.ca.
CACB在收到学历认证申请表、其他要求的材料和费用后，会审核你的资格.合格的申请被送到评估委员会，根据C部分的课程和表现标准及其工作/项目的实质来评估申请,然后推荐给the Registrar.一旦评估委员会审核通过，the Registrar 就会给你颁发证书。
Application Forms and detailed instructions for Certifi under this category are available online at www.cacb-ccca.ca.
Upon receipt of an Application for Assessment of Academic Qualifi , all required supporting documentation and any required fee, CACB staff will verify eligibility under this category, the Assessment Committee will assess the applicant’s submission against the Performance Standards of Part C, with special consideration for the nature of work/study programs, and will recommend to the Registrar. Upon approval by the Assessment Committee, the Registrar will issue a Certificate。
3. 认证程序实施之前注册或获准的建筑师 的Architects Registered or Licensed Prior to Adoption of the Certification Process
该类别的认证申请表和详细说明在该网站获取： www.cacb-ccca.ca.
CACB在收到学历认证申请表"under the Grandfathering Right Clause"和其他要求的材料后，会审核你的资格，the Registrar 会给你颁发证书。
Application Forms and detailed instructions for Certifi under this category are available online at www.cacb-ccca.ca.
Upon receipt of an Application for Certifi of Academic Qualifi “Under the Grandfathering Right Clause” and all required supporting documentation CACB staff will verify eligibility under this category and the Registrar will issue a Certificate。
4. 消除教育学历缺陷 Removing Education Deficiencies
如果对照课程和表现标准评估后，认为申请人的专业学历有缺陷，可以选择以下方式消除学历缺陷。如果是通识教育或选修科目有缺陷，可以在任意大学学习相关课程，包括RAIC大纲学习，也可以在已得到CACB认可的社区学院学习相关课程。
如果历史、人类行为、环境、技术体系或专业执业科目有缺陷，可以在任意建筑学校学习（该学校的专业学历需得到CACB的认可）或是通过RAIC大纲学习。如果申请人在无CACB认可项目的院校学习了相关课程，但该课程已得到CACB的认可，那么也会被认可。如果院校将学分分配到相关学科上且有同等的考试或者该学分标注在院校的官方成绩单上，那么该学分也可以用来弥补相应学科上的缺陷。
如果设计科目有缺陷，可以在校内或校外工作室、有CACB认可项目的学校或通过RAIC大纲学习来消除学历缺陷。这样的工作室必须由design faculty 管理和监督，必须有学分。
当学历缺陷消除后，官方成绩单和/或同等的考试分数报告会由院校直接送到CACB或相关考试机构。如果申请人以前被授予过有Conditional Certification,经the Registrar 认可后，CACB会证实已符合条件，然后授予申请人一个正式的证书。
If an assessment identifies deficiencies in an applicant’s professional degree/diploma program when compared with the Curriculum and Performance Standards below, one or more of the following options may be selected to remove the deficiencies
If the defi is in the general education and elective subject area, relevant courses may be taken at any university, including the RAIC Syllabus of Studies, or at a community college that has been approved by the CACB prior to enrolment in the courses.If the deficiencies is in history, human behavior, environment, technical systems or professional practice subject areas, relevant courses may be taken at any school of architecture whose professional degree program is accredited by the CACB or through the RAIC Syllabus of Studies.
Courses taken at institutions without a CACB accredited program may be accepted if approved by the CACB prior to enrolment in the courses. If an academic institution grants credit in relevant subjects on the basis of equivalency examinations administered by the institution, and if that credit is listed on an offi transcript issued by that institution, then that credit may be used to remove deficiencies in these subject areas.
If the deficiencies is in the design subject area, on-campus or off-campus design studios may be taken at or through an institution with a CACB accredited program, or through the RAIC Syllabus of Studies Program. Such studios must be administered or monitored by the design faculty and must be taken for academic credit.
When deficiencies have been removed, office transcripts and/or equivalency examination score reports must be sent to the CACB directly by the academic institution(s) and/or examination authority involved. If the applicant has been previously issued a Conditional Certification the CACB will verify that the conditions have been met and, following approval by the Registrar, a regular Certifi will be issued.
5. 审核和申诉 Review and Appeals
如果申请人对评估有任何异议（包括学历评估结果或是评估委员会的评估标准），可以书面向CACB进行申诉。CACB可能会再进行一次学历评估，无任何费用。一收到书面评估申请（包括再次评估的原因和相关材料文件），申请人的所有文件会被送到评估委员会，进行再次评估。
如果申请人不能根据个人情况提交所需的材料导致无法进行评估，评估委员会也许会要求申请人提供其他学业成绩的证明材料，包括口试和/或正确的研究生时的相关工作（post graduate professional work）。
书面通知申请人评估结果。
如果在收到CACB的关于再次评估或评估资格的书面回应后仍认为该评估有误，可以将书面申诉提交到CACB Board of Directors.申诉信中需包含申诉原因和其他关于申诉的辅助性材料。
The Board of the CACB会审查申请人的申诉信、评估委员会的评估报告和学历资质。 Board of Directors 会听取CACB工作人员、评估委员会或申请人的解释和说明。如果Board of Directors认为申请人说的正确，会命令监管机构给授予认证证书，同时书面通知申请人。不可以再进一步向 Board of Directors进行申诉。
If an applicant for certifi should disagree either with the conclusion that their credentials are not eligible for assessment under a category, or with a ruling of an Assessment Committee, an appeal may be made in writing to the CACB.
The CACB offers to the applicant, without extra cost, the possibility to first ask for a review of his or her application before moving forward for an appeal. Upon receipt of a written request for review, including the applicant’s reasons for the review and any documented information that may affect the review, the applicant’s file is sent back to the Assessment Committee for reassessment.If the application was considered not eligible for assessment because the applicant is unable to submit the required documentation due to extraordinary personal circumstances, the Assessment Committee may, at their discretion, require alternate evidence of educational achevement, including an oral examination and/or properly documented post graduate professional work.
The applicant will be notifi of the results of the review in writing.
If an applicant for certifi has received a written response from the CACB to a request for reconsideration of an eligibility or assessment decision and believes the evaluation is still in error, an appeal may be made in writing to the CACB Board of Directors. The Letter of Appeal should include the applicant’s reasons for the appeal and any documented information that may support the appeal.
The Board of the CACB will review the applicant’s letter of appeal, the Assessment Committee report, and the educational credentials at its next scheduled meeting. The Board may seek clarification from the staff of CACB, the Assessment Committee or the applicant. If the Board agrees with the applicant, it may direct the Registrar to issue a Certifi or a Conditional Certifi The applicant will be notifi of the decision of the Board in writing. No further appeal to the Board is possible.
C部分-非认可学历的评估流程和标准 PART C Procedures and Standards for Assessment of Nonaccredited Degrees or Diplomas - 飞出国
1.评估流程 Assessment Procedures
对非认可学历进行评估认证时，以C部分中的等同的课程和Performance Standards为标准，可以确保申请的一致性和评估的公正性。
CACB会评估申请人的学历是否是被认可的专业学历。初步评估的依据是课程大纲，即将申请人的学业记录与CACB认可的学历要求对比。根据学业年限、结构和基础课程内容是否与课程标准要求一致，决定申请人是否合格。根据等同的学期小时，将申请人的学业分成规定的6大学科。
评估过程中，为确保材料的完整性，CACB工作人员可能会要求申请人提交其他材料。如果材料符合课程标准规定的要求，申请会被送到评估委员会进行最后的评估。如果学历不符合该类别的条件，会书面通知申请人，并退还一部分申请费。
CACB评估委员会定期对申请进行评估。评估委员会的评判标准是看申请人提供的详细课程内容是否与与C部分中的Performance Standards一致。
评估结果：
- 申请人的学历满足加拿大注册要求，并由监管部门颁发认证证书；
- 申请人的学历被认定为在某些学科有缺陷，且被要求完成某些CACB认可的课程来弥补缺陷；然后再评估委员会的建议下，监管部门会给申请人颁发有条件证书（Conditional Certificate）；
- 申请人的学历不符合加拿大注册要求。
监管部门会书面通知评估结果，评估周期一般为3到6个月（从申请和所有材料都提交开始算起）。如果监管部门不授予证书,申请人可以继续进修学习，然后再次申请学历认证。
In assessing non-accredited degrees or diplomas for Certification, the following Course Equivalents and Performance Standards contained in Part C are used. This ensures consistency of application and fairness of assessments across the diverse types of programs available.
The CACB will determine whether the degree is a recognized fi professional degree or diploma. The Curriculum Standards are then applied to the degree or diploma for a preliminary evaluation, which relates an individual record to a CACB-accredited degree equivalent. Eligibility is determined on the basis of the length, structure and general content of the courses being evaluated and their substantial conformance with the Curriculum Standards. In determining eligibility, the evaluators assign the applicant’s academic work to the six required subject areas, in accordance with semester hour equivalents as detailed below.
During this stage of the assessment, CACB staff may request further information in order to complete the applicant’s file. If the file is determined to be in substantial compliance with the quantitative requirements of the Curriculum Standards, the application is forwarded to the CACB Assessment Committee for final assessment. If the degree or diploma is considered not eligible under this category, the applicant is notified in writing, and a portion of the application fee may be refunded.
The CACB Assessment Committee meets regularly to assess applications. The Assessment Committee considers the detailed course content as documented in the applicant’s file to confi that the Performance Standards outlined in Part C/ Section 3 have been met.
The outcome of the assessment may be:
- that the applicant’s academic qualification fulfill the educational component of the registration/licensure requirements in Canada and a Certifi is issued by the Registrar; or
- that the Assessment Committee determines the applicant’s academic qualifi to be defi in particular subject areas and the applicant is required to remove those deficiencies by successfully completing the appropriate courses of study approved by the CACB. In this case, and on a recommendation from the Assessment Committee, the Registrar may issue a Conditional Certificate or
- that the applicant’s academic qualifi do not fulfi the educational component of the registration/licensure requirements in Canada.
Applicants are notifi of the result of an assessment or of a Registrar’s decision in writing, and the assessment process normally takes from 3 to 6 months from the time that the application, including all required documentation, is complete. If the Registrar does not grant Certification, an applicant may undertake additional studies, and then reapply for Certification
2. 课程标准 Curriculum Standards - 飞出国
CACB认可的专业学历如下：
- 建筑学学士学历-最少为5年制（或者为4年制,在魁北克有CEGEP）
- 建筑学硕士学历-最少3年学制且本科是不相关专业；或者2年硕士且有4年相关建筑专业学历；CACB也能会调整学历要求。
CACB等同学历要求160学期小时的学分，分为6大学科领域：
- 基础教育和选修课；
- 历史和人类行为；
- 环境；
- 设计和图形传播；
- 技术体系；
- 专业知识，包括建筑工作的法律和行政环境。
根据等同的学期小时数，评估者将申请人的学业分为各个学科领域进行评估。1个学期小时等于CACB认可课程的1小时或学期中CACB认可的每周实验指导的2小时。对于周期为1个季度的项目，1.5个季度所经历的小时数等于1学期小时。课程可能包含多个学科的指导，所以课程会视情况进行分配。
如果学历/文凭被认定为满足CACB同等学历要求（学制和基本内容），会根据各个学科所规定的Performance Standards对学科成绩进行评估。这2部分评估是评估委员会向监管部门提供建议的基础。Performance Standards与CACB认证条件和认证流程Student Performance Criteria一致，但不完全相同。Student Performance Criteria用于评估大学建筑学专业学历。
The CACB evaluation accommodates recognized types of professional degree programs, the most common being:
- Bachelor of Architecture Program-requiring a minimum of five years of study (or 4 years following CEGEP in Quebec), or
- Master of Architecture Program-requiring a minimum of three years of study following an unrelated bachelor’s degree, or two years following a four-year, related pre-professional degree; and does not preclude variations approved by the CACB.
The CACB degree equivalent requires 160 semester hours of academic credit, grouped into six subject areas:
- general education and electives;
- history and human behavior;
- environment;
- design and graphic communication;
- technical systems;
- knowledge of the profession, which also includes the legal and administrative context of architectural practice.
In determining course equivalency, the evaluators assign the applicant’s academic work to the subject areas in accordance with semester hour equivalents. A semester hour is equivalent to 1 hour of CACB approved lecture or 2 hours of CACB approved laboratory/ studio instruction per week for the duration of the semester or term. For programs that operate on a quarter system, 1.5 quarter hours are equivalent to 1 semester hour. A course may consist of instruction in more than one subject area, so may be apportioned between subject areas as appropriate.
If the degree or diploma is determined to meet the CACB equivalent degree in length and general content, the academic record is evaluated against the Performance Standards required for the subject areas detailed below. This two-part assessment is the basis for the Assessment Committee’s recommendation to the Registrar. The Performance Standards are consistent with, but not identical to, the Student Performance Criteria found in the CACB’s Conditions and Procedures for Accreditation, which are used in the evaluation of university professional programs in architecture.
6大学科领域 The Six Subject Areas - 飞出国
基础教育和选修要求 General Education and Elective Requirements
专业学位课程必须以基础教育作为基础，基础教育部包含建筑学内容，只讲授基础知识，开发学生智力，以便于学习专业知识。从更开阔的视野（自然、文化和社会）学习专业知识。
专业课程学习必须是学生追求自身兴趣。课程必须能够使学生既学习选修课程又能集中钻研某个领域（非建筑学）基础学习或建筑学以外的选修学习。
最少2学期小时的英语或法语作文学习；或者提供语言能力考试证明，证明具备足够的写作技能；6学期小时的人文或社会科学和6学期小时的数学或自然科学的学习。剩余18学期小时根据入学条件或专业学位课程要求用于其他领域的学习。
英语或法语作文是指书面沟通，利用标准语言的规则和惯例对某个观点进行解释、说明、分析/呈现和支撑。英语或法语文学不是该类型学科，但是属于人文科学。
英语或法语不能作为一门外国语言。
人文科学是一门学术科学，通过识别、理解、分析和解释各种艺术和文学形式来研究人类情况。
Studio 和表演艺术课不属于该类别，而属于选修课。
社会科学通过对经济、历史、政治、心理和社会等方面的分析来研究人类群体和个体的社会生活。
数学是对数量、大小、排列和变化的逻辑化研究，并且使用严格定义的符号来标示他们的性质和关系，可以是抽象的研究，也可能是运用到实践中。
自然科学是研究物质世界，通常分为2类：生物科学和物理科学。
A professional degree program must provide a foundation of general education, including studies with other than architectural content that imparts general knowledge and develops the students’ intellectual capacity to undertake professional studies. This enables them to see their professional studies in the broader context of the natural, cultural and social world.
A professional degree program must also allow students to pursue their special interests. The curriculum must be fl enough to allow students to complete minors or develop areas of concentration that are outside of architectural studies, either as general studies or as electives with other than architectural content.
Course Equivalents
- At least 32 semester hours of credit in:
- English or French Composition
- Humanities
- Social Sciences
- Mathematics
- Natural Sciences
A minimum of 2 semester hours of English or French composition, or an acceptable language profi test demonstrating adequate compositional skills, 6 semester hours in the Humanities or Social Sciences and 6 semester hours in Mathematics or the Natural Sciences are required. The remaining 18 semester hours may be taken in any of the fi subject areas. These courses may be included either as an admission requirement or as part of the professional degree curriculum.
English or French Composition is defi as written communication that explains, interprets, analyses or presents and supports a point of view, utilizing the principles and conventions of standard language. Courses in English or French literature are not acceptable in this subject, but are acceptable in the subject of Humanities.
Courses in English or French as a foreign language are not acceptable.
Humanities are defined as the academic disciplines that study the human condition through the recognition, comprehension, analysis and interpretation of various forms of art and literature.
Studio and performing art courses are not acceptable in this subject, but may be acceptable as electives.
Social Sciences are defi as the study of the social life of human groups and individuals through the analysis of economic, historical, political, psychological and sociological aspects of society.
Mathematics is defined as the logical study of quantities, magnitudes, arrangement and change, and of the methods for using rigorously defined selfconsistent symbols to make their properties and exact relationships known, either in the abstract or in their practical applications.
Natural Science is defi as the study of the physical universe, and is divided into two general areas: biological science and physical science.
**选修科目 Elective Subjects **
等同的课程 Course Equivalents
必须完成160学分课时，另有24学分课时需要完成，这24学分课时可以是6大学科和/或专业选修课程，但不能是专业课程。
Studies to total the Board approved equivalent of 160 semester hours of credit are required. The 24 semester hours required beyond the minimums listed may be taken in anyone or more of the six subject areas and/or specialized elective subjects outside of the professional program.
专业教育要求 Professional Education Requirements - 飞出国
建筑和人类行为史 History of Architecture and Human Behaviour
等同课程 Course Equivalents
至少18学分课时：
- 建筑史-至少12学分课时
- 人类行为-至少6学分课时
建筑史是对建筑的研究，通过这些研究人类需求得到满足，人类愿望得以实现。
人类行为是对人类群体和个体的行为和特征进行研究，他们生活在物理环境和环境变化过程。
At least 18 semester hours of credit in:
History of Architecture - at least 12 semester hours
Human Behavior - at least 6 semester hoursHistory of Architecture is defi as the study of construction by which human needs have been satisfied and human aspirations have been met.
Human Behavior is defined as the study of characteristics and behavior of individuals and groups, including those with varying physical abilities, that relate to the physical environments in which they function, and to the process of environmental modification and change.
**环境 Environment **
等同课程 Course Equivalents
在环境方面，至少3学分课时：
环境是指生态学基本原理和关于环境和资源保护（建筑学和城市设计方面）的基本活动。包括建筑工件、服务架构（service infrastructure）和建筑周围气候、地理及自然特征。
At least 3 semester hours of credit in: Environment
Environment is defined as the basic principles of ecology as well as the actions with respect to environmental and resource conservation in architecture and urban design for which the architect is responsible. It includes the constructed artifacts and service infrastructure as well as the climatic, geographic and other natural characteristics of the site that infl the setting for architecture.
设计和图形传播要求 Design and Graphic Communication Requirement
等同课程Course Equivalents
至少50学分课时，including a Level IV design studio sequence.
设计是指建筑师利用分析、综合、判断和交流等方式，经过理解、结合和评估，最终将思想表达出来生成一个建筑工程。
At least 50 semester hours of credit, including a Level IV design studio sequence.
Design is defi as analysis, synthesis, judgment and communication which architects use to understand, bring together, assess and express ideas which lead to a built project.
设计学习分为4个等级（Level），不一定有对应的说明。这4个等级如下：
- Level I 非建筑环境中个人学习经历；熟悉空间分析和设计过程；设计解读；调查能力；
- Level II
Design studies are divided into four levels, not necessarily corresponding to the year of instruction. These levels are:
- Level l Individual learning experiences within a non-building spatial context; familiarity with spatial analysis, design process; design literacy; research skills.
- Level II Simple projects with emphasis on the natural environment, user space studies and further skill development; introduction of qualitative technical material; the use of precedents in architecture and urban design; a minimum profi in the design and communication of simple buildings with a basic understanding of construction and structural systems; data analysis, programming, site analysis and design.
- Level III Simple and complex building studies with qualitative technical input; total building synthesis developed; a general profi in the complete design of simple buildings and design for accessibility; development of collaborative skill; a minimum ability to deal with complex buildings and multi-building complexes; site analysis and design.
- Level IV General profi in the total synthesis of complex buildings and related systems; integration of technical information; social and environmental ramifi of planning and architecture; project emphasis on advanced building design, planning and urban design. Level IV work must indicate a mastery of data collection, research and analysis, programming, planning, design, graphic communication, structures, building systems, landscape and site design and other related knowledge.
Basic Design studies, courses in graphic communication, computer assisted design and photography may be used to fulfi Level l requirements. Levels II-IV must be satisfi by the completion of studio courses. Completion of a comprehensive studio in Level III or Level IV is required.
技术体系要求 Technical Systems Requirement
等同课程Course Equivalents
至少24学分课时：
- 结构体系-至少6学分课时
- 环境控制系统-至少6学分课时
- 建筑材料和组件-至少6学分课时
剩余6学分课时必须用在至少以上2学科中，或者用于学习建筑系统集成。
At least 24 semester hours credit in:
- Structural Systems -at least 6 semester hours
- Environmental Control Systems -at least 6 semester hours
- Construction Materials and Assemblies - at least 6 semester hours
The remaining 6 semester hours must be taken in at least two of the three areas, or in studies of Building Systems Integration.
结构体系是建筑的基本结构元素，他们之间相互作用构成建筑的支持系统、支撑力；对这些体系的理解是以原则和理论，
Structural Systems are defined as the basic structural elements of a building, their interaction as a support system, the forces that act on or in buildings and the principles and theory upon which an understanding of these systems is based. An acceptable sequence of study should indude the theory of structures, (including statics, principles of equilibrium and stability, resolution of forces, shear and bending moments, strength and mechanics of materials, analysis of structural elements, and sizing of structural members.) and the design of structures, (including the selection and design of structural systems in wood, steel and concrete appropriate to a variety of building types and span conditions.)
Environmental Control Systems are defined as building elements that pertain to the modifi of the microclimate for the purpose of human use and comfort. An acceptable sequence of study will include theory and applications in the areas of heating, air conditioning, lighting (natural and artifi plumbing, waste and fi control systems, building core systems and acoustics. Studies will also develop an understanding of related issues such as energy effi and alternative energy systems and strategies, health and safety codes and requirements, and environmental quality.
Construction Materials and Assembliesaredefi asthecharacteristicsofbuilding materials and how they are made and applied in a building project. An acceptable sequence of study will include properties and behavior of materials, performance of materials and assemblies under use, material selection and detailing, the building industry, codes and standards affecting the design and construction of buildings, construction sequences and procedures, and relative economies of material and component choices.
专业知识要求 Knowledge of The Profession Requirement
等同课程 Course Equivalents
至少6学分课时用于学习专业知识。专业知识是指技术、商业、法律和道德环境，
At least 6 semester hours credit in Knowledge of the Profession
Knowledge of the Profession is defined as the study of the technical, business, legal and ethical environment in which the practice of architecture occurs, including the range of activities involved in a typical architectural project as it moves from inception through completion of construction; the concepts, ethics and procedures for organizing an architectural practice; the financial aspects of building, including the economics of development and the legal context and rules of professional conduct, that affect architectural practice.
Practical experience in this subject area is acceptable only if it was accumulated in fulfi of a supervised academic program requirement that has been evaluated and appears on the transcript of student grades.
3.Performance Standards
申请人必须证明具备要求的知识和技能。这些技能和知识是实习的最低要求，满足这个要求才能进一步申请执业注册。
申请表中附加一个CACB说明，评估委员会根据其中的成绩单和详细的课程描述来评估performance standards。
performance standards包含2个等级：
- 理解（Undertanding）—不必看到完整的含义就能理解信息。
- 能力（Ability）—使用具体信息完成一项任务和能力；正确选择合适信息的能力；解决具体问题的能力。
评估委员会将审核申请、课程描述、详细的课程大纲，以判断申请人是否满足CACB以下标准：
An applicant must demonstrate that they possess the knowledge and skills defi by the standards set out below. These knowledge and skills are the minimum for meeting the demands of an internship leading to registration for practise.
The Assessment Committee will assess the performance standards on the basis of transcripts and detailed course descriptions, as described in the CACB instructions accompanying the Application Form.
The performance standards encompass two levels of accomplishment:
- Understanding—means the assimilation and comprehension of information without necessarily being able to see its full implication.
- Ability—means the skill in using specific information to accomplish a task, in correctly selecting the appropriate information, and in applying it to the solution of a specific problem.
The Assessment Committee will review the application, including the program description and detailed course outlines to determine if the applicant has met the CACB standards as follow:
历史和人类行为学习 History & Human Behavior Studies
- 理解经典建筑；了解建筑、景观和城市设计中的传统习俗，包括对当地风俗；理解形成这些建筑并使其长久的气候、科技、社会经济和其他文化因素。
- 理解能够解释人类行为和物理环境之间关系的理论和探究方式；
- 理解多样化需求、价值、行为模式、生理功能和形成不同文化和个人的社会空间模式；理解这种多样化在社会角色和建筑师职责方面的含义。
- Understanding of the architectural canons and traditions in architecture, landscape and urban design, including the vernacular traditions, as well as the climatic, technological, socioeconomic, and other cultural factors that have shaped and sustained them.
- Understanding of the theories and methods of inquiry that seek to clarify the relationship between human behavior and the physical environment.
- Understanding of the diverse needs, values, behavioral norms, physical ability, and social and spatial patterns that characterize different cultures and individuals and the implication of this diversity for the social roles and responsibilities of architects.
环境学习 Environment Studies
- 理解建筑和城市设计方面的生态原则和可持续性原则，就是要保护自然和建筑资源，保护有重要文化意义的建筑和场所；理解创造健康建筑和社区的生态原则和可持续性原则。
- 理解关于自然和建筑环境生态方面的道德问题，是环境专业化管理的基本责任。
- Understanding of the principles of ecology and sustainability both in making architecture and urban design decisions that conserve natural and built resources, including culturally important buildings and sites, and in the creation of healthful buildings and communities.
- Understanding of the ethical issues regarding the ecology of the natural and built environments as a fundamental responsibility of professional stewardship of the environment.
设计和传播学习 Design & Communication Studies
- 理解视觉感知原理，理解2维和3维设计、建筑构图、城市设计和系统和原则；
- 在设计前期和设计过程中，使用合适的呈现媒介（草图和电脑技术）来传递重要信息的能力；
- 能够做出精确的技术图纸，并为提议的设计开发具体的草图；
- 在建筑、室内空间和场所（sites）设计中运用基本的建筑原则的能力；在工程设计和开发中应对自然和已建成建筑特征的能力；
- 为建筑工程做全面规划的能力，能够满足客户和使用者需求、appropriate precedents、空间和设备要求、相关发法律和标准、场地选择和设计评估标准；
- 根据建筑规划和场地制作一个全面的建筑规划并形成文件的能力，包括形式和空间的开发，证明已经理解了建筑和环境系统、建筑外壳系统、建筑物组件和生命安全规定；也包括环境管理和可持续性原则。
- Understanding of the fundamentals of visual perception and the principles and systems of order that inform two-and three-dimensional design, architectural composition, and urban design.
- Ability to use appropriate representational media, including freehand drawing and computer technology, to convey essential information at each stage of the pre-design and design process.
- Ability to make technically precise drawings and develop an outline specific for a proposed design.
- Ability to apply fundamental architectural principles in the design of buildings, interior spaces and sites, and to respond to natural and built site characteristics in the development of a program and the design of a project.
- Ability to prepare a comprehensive program for an architectural project that accounts for client and user needs, appropriate precedents, space and equipment requirements, the relevant laws and standards, and site selection and design assessment criteria.
- Ability to produce and document a comprehensive architectural project based on a building program and a site, and that includes the development of forms and spaces demonstrating an understanding of structural and environmental systems, building envelope systems, building assemblies and lifes afety provisions, and of the principles of sustainability and environmental stewardship.
技术学习 Technical Studies
- 理解结构性能在承载重量、侧向力和变化、范围方面的原则；理解现代结构系统的合理应用原则。
- 理解基本原则和适当的应用以及环境系统性能，包括声学、光学、气候modifi systems和能源使用。
- 理解基本原则和合理运用以及水暖、电气、垂直运输、通讯、安全和防火系统的性能。
- 理解基本构建科学原理以及建筑外围材料和组件在加拿大环境中的合理使用。
- 理解基本原则和合理应用以及加拿大建筑行业常见的各种建筑材料、制品、部件和组件的性能，包括其对环境的影响和二次利用。
- 将适当的技术系统应用到复杂建筑当中的能力，以及在设计过程中，使用合适的呈现媒介（草图和电脑技术）来传递重要信息的能力。
- Understanding of principles of structural behavior in withstanding gravity and lateral forces and the evolution, range, and appropriate application of contemporary structural systems.
- Understanding of the basic principles and appropriate application and performance of environmental systems, including acoustical, lighting, climate modifi systems and energy use.
- Understanding of the basic principles and appropriate application and performance of plumbing, electrical, vertical transportation, communication, security, and fi protection systems.
- Understanding of the basic building science principles and the appropriate application of building envelope materials and assemblies in the Canadian environment.
- Understanding of the basic principles and appropriate application and performance of various construction materials, products, components, and assemblies common to the Canadian construction industry, including their environmental impact and reuse.
- Ability to integrate appropriate technical systems into a complex building and to use appropriate representational media, including freehand drawing and computer technology, to convey essential technical elements at each stage of the design development process.
专业知识 Knowledge of the Profession
- 了解建筑师追求、了解和满足客户、业主和使用者需求的职责；
- 了解获得佣金、合同谈判、客户管理、咨询公司选择、项目交付方式和服务合同形式；
- 了解建筑成本、生命周期成本和施工预算的基本原则；
- 了解加拿大建筑行业的运作和建筑师在建筑过程中的作用；
- 了解基本原则和施工组织（practice organization）的法律方面情况，包括业务规划、人事管理（offi and personnel management）、消防管理项目管理、风险管理和解决争议；了解施工（practice）进展情况；
- 了解加拿大建筑行业施工过程中，建筑师在法律、法规和合同制约下的应承担的责任；
- 了解在对建筑设计和施工进行专业判断的过程中遇到的道德问题；
- 了解为获得执业许可证和注册证而实习的作用，以及实习者和雇主相互的权利和责任。
- Understanding of the responsibility of the architect to seek out, understand, and resolve the needs of the client, owner and user.
- Understanding of obtaining commissions and negotiating contracts, managing clients, selecting consultants and recommending project delivery methods and forms of service contracts.
- Understanding of the fundamentals of building cost, life-cycle cost, and construction estimating.
- Understanding the workings of the Canadian construction industry and the role of the architect in the construction process.
- Understanding of the basic principles and legal aspects of practice organization, including business planning, offi and personnel management, fi management, project management, risk mitigation and dispute resolution, as well as an understanding of trends that will affect practice.
- Understanding of the architect’s responsibility under the laws, codes, regulations and contracts common to the practice of architecture in Canada.
- Understanding of the ethical issues involved in the formation of professional judgment in architectural design and practice.
- Understanding of the role of internship in obtaining licensure and registration and the mutual rights and responsibilities of interns and employers.
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