新西兰指南-Administration

新西兰指南-Administration

A1公平及自然公证法则

A1.1介绍

a: 优秀的决策要求关注过程,需要知道如何制定决策以及分析案例的有利点。过程公平有利于结果公平。决策并非以合适的方式制定,也可能由法院审核,甚至成为监察专员的一个投诉主体。(详见A9.10)

b: 制定决策要求遵照公平以及自然公证法则:
I 给申请人一个公平的申诉机会。
ii 避免偏见。

c: 所有的移民局官员要遵循公平以及自然公证原则。

A1.5公平

**a:**一个决策是否公平取决于以下的因素:

  • 申请是否被给予恰当的审核。
  • 申请人是否被通知有害其案例的因素(常指一些潜在的容易引起偏见的信息)
  • 申请人是否被给予机会对有害案例的信息进行解释。
  • 处理申请是否和其他申请的处理方法一致。
  • 拒绝一个申请恰当的理由。
  • 是否只考虑相关信息。
  • 所有已知的相关信息是否被考虑周全。

**b:**决策中移民局官员秉行公平的程度影响申请人申请的结果。

A1.10偏见

**a:**决策是否公平取决于以下的因素:

  • 移民局官员是否对申请人在某些方面有个人偏见,例如性别,种族,宗教,社会经济地位等。
  • 移民局官员在处理决策时是否涉及个人利益。
  • 移民局官员和申请人之间是否有关联。
  • 移民局官员是否不考虑事实和证据。

**b:**避免实际的偏见很重要。

A1.15制定公平及自然公证的决策的实际步骤

  • **a:**申请是否被给予合理的考虑。
  • **b:**以客观的角度看待所有相关的证据。
  • **c:**区分个人主张,谣言,指控,设想或报道。
  • **d:**遵守相关的移民法规。
  • **e:**通知申请人真实的决策理由。
  • **f:**如果申请人英语不是特别流利可以携带一名翻译人员,或者邀请在场的某人。
  • **g:**申请人可以要求自己的律师,移民顾问,以及家庭代表在场。

注:法院,监察员,高级执行官员,上诉机构等所制定的法规可以在一定情况下作为指南。

A1.15.1代表在现场面试中的角色

如果申请人在现场面试时候有代表,代表会被给予机会向移民局官员对申请人的申请做出解释或提出意见。基于移民局官员的谨慎,一般情况下这样的环节在面试开始或结尾不会进行。

新西兰指南-Administration

A1.1 介绍

  • a.Good decision‐making requires attention to process, to how the decision is made, as well as looking at the merits of the case. A fair process is more likely to ensure a fair outcome. Decisions that are not made in the proper manner may be reviewed by the courts or become a subject of complaint to the Ombudsman (see A9.10).
  • b.Making a decision in the proper manner involves acting on the principles of fairness and natural justice, which means:
  • igiving the applicant a fair hearing; and
  • iiavoiding bias.
  • c.All immigration officers must act on the principles of fairness and natural justice when deciding an application.

A1.5 公平

a. Whether a decision is fair or not depends on such factors as:

  • whether an application is given proper consideration;
  • whether the applicant is informed of information that might harm their case (often referred to as potentially prejudicial information);
  • whether the applicant is given a reasonable opportunity to respond to harmful information;
  • whether the application is decided in a way that is consistent with other decisions;
  • whether appropriate reasons are given for declining an application;
  • whether only relevant information is considered;
  • whether all known relevant information is considered.

b. How much fairness an immigration officer must bring to bear in deciding an application may depend on the consequences of the decision for the applicant.

A1.10 偏见

a.Whether or not a decision is biased depends on such factors as:

  • i whether the officer is personally prejudiced against the applicant on grounds such as sex, race, religion, socio‐economic status, sexuality etc;
  • ii whether the officer has a direct financial or personal interest in the outcome of a decision;
  • iii whether the officer has a relationship with any of the people involved in the application;
  • iv whether the officer has predetermined the decision, without considering all of the facts and evidence.

b.It is important to avoid not only actual bias, but also the appearance or suspicion of bias.

A1.15 Practical steps towards achieving fairness and natural justice in decision-making

  • **a.**If the applicant insists on proceeding, accept and process an application made in the prescribed manner (see R2.35 ‐ R2.50), even if it is likely that it will be declined; and
  • **b.**consider all the facts, keeping an open mind towards all relevant forms of evidence; and
  • **c.**distinguish fact from opinion, rumour, allegation, assumption or report; and
  • **d.**apply relevant immigration instructions; and
  • **e.**inform the applicant of the actual reasons for a decision; and
  • **f.**include an interpreter in an interview if the applicant is not fluent in English, or if the applicant asks for one to be present (see A14); and
  • **g.**include an applicant’s lawyer, immigration adviser, or family representative if the applicant asks for them to be present.

A1.15.1 Role of representative at interviews

If an applicant has a representative at the interview, the representative must be given the opportunity to make any comments or submissions on the application to the immigration officer. Subject to the discretion of the officer, such comment and submission will normally be made at the start and/or finish of the interview.