noc_code: “21100”
noc_version: “2021.0”
translation_mode: “basic”
title_en: “Physicists and astronomers”
title_zh: “物理学家和天文学家”
official_url: “https://noc.esdc.gc.ca/Structure/NOCProfile?GocTemplateCulture=en-CA&code=21100&version=2021.0”
description: “Complete NOC profile for Physicists and astronomers (NOC 21100) in basic translation mode - 100% faithful to official data, bilingual Chinese-English, enhanced with emojis for better readability. Contains occupation definition, job titles, main duties, employment requirements and TEER category system. No salary or employment inference included in basic mode.”
keywords:
- NOC 21100
- 21100 Physicists and astronomers
- 21100 物理学家和天文学家
- 21100 NOC 2021
tags: - noc-2
- teer-1
- basic-mode
NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家 | Physicists and astronomers
关键信息速览 | Key Information
 NOC 项目 |
内容 |
|---|---|
| NOC 代码 |
21100 |
职业概述
Physicists conduct theoretical and applied research to extend knowledge of natural phenomena and to develop new processes and devices in fields such as electronics, communications, power generation and distribution, aerodynamics, optics and lasers, remote sensing, biotechnology, medicine and health. They are employed by electronic, electrical and aerospace manufacturing companies, telecommunications companies, power utilities, university and government research laboratories, hospitals and by a wide range of other processing, manufacturing, and research and consulting firms. Astronomers conduct observational and theoretical research to extend knowledge of the universe. They are employed by government and universities.
| 
TEER 类别 | TEER 1 |
| 
主要类别 | 2 - 自然和应用科学及相关职业 (Natural and applied sciences and related occupations) |
| 
主要组别 | 21 - 自然和应用科学专业职业 (Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences) |
| 
次要组别 | 211 - 自然科学专业职业 (Professional occupations in natural sciences) |
| 
次级组别 | 2110 - 物理科学专业人员 (Physical science professionals) |
| 
数据版本 | NOC 2021 Version 1.0 |
📍 职业层级 | Occupational Hierarchy
NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家在 NOC 2021 分类体系中的位置：
2 自然和应用科学及相关职业
└── 21 自然和应用科学专业职业
└── 211 自然科学专业职业
└── 2110 物理科学专业人员
└── 21100 物理学家和天文学家 ⭐ 您在这里
📖 职业定义 | Definition
NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家物理学家 (Physicists) 进行 (conduct) 理论 (theoretical) 和应用研究 (applied research)，以扩展 (extend) 自然现象 (natural phenomena) 的知识 (knowledge)，并在 (in fields such as) 电子学 (electronics)、通信 (communications)、发电和配电 (power generation and distribution)、空气动力学 (aerodynamics)、光学和激光 (optics and lasers)、遥感 (remote sensing)、生物技术 (biotechnology)、医学 (medicine) 和健康 (health) 等领域 (fields) 开发 (develop) 新工艺 (new processes) 和设备 (devices)。他们受雇于 (are employed by) 电子 (electronic)、电气 (electrical) 和航空航天制造公司 (aerospace manufacturing companies)、电信公司 (telecommunications companies)、电力公司 (power utilities)、大学和政府研究实验室 (university and government research laboratories)、医院 (hospitals) 以及广泛的其他加工 (processing)、制造 (manufacturing) 和研究咨询公司 (research and consulting firms)。天文学家 (Astronomers) 进行 (conduct) 观测 (observational) 和理论研究 (theoretical research)，以扩展 (extend) 宇宙知识 (knowledge of the universe)。他们受雇于 (are employed by) 政府 (government) 和大学 (universities)。
📄 **NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家** 英文原文 | View Original English Definition
Physicists conduct theoretical and applied research to extend knowledge of natural phenomena and to develop new processes and devices in fields such as electronics, communications, power generation and distribution, aerodynamics, optics and lasers, remote sensing, biotechnology, medicine and health. They are employed by electronic, electrical and aerospace manufacturing companies, telecommunications companies, power utilities, university and government research laboratories, hospitals and by a wide range of other processing, manufacturing, and research and consulting firms. Astronomers conduct observational and theoretical research to extend knowledge of the universe. They are employed by government and universities.
💼 职位名称示例 | Illustrative Examples
NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家职业的常见职位名称包括：
声学物理学家 (Acoustics physicist)
空气动力学家 (Aerodynamicist)
航空航天研究科学家 (Aerospace research scientist)
天文学家 (Astronomer)
天体物理学家 (Astrophysicist)
大气物理学家 (Atmospheric physicist)
生物物理学家 (Biophysicist)- 宇宙学家 (Cosmologist)
电子研究科学家 (Electronics research scientist)- 实验物理学家 (Experimental physicist)
健康物理学家 (Health physicist)
医学物理学家 (Medical physicist)- 测量学家 (Metrologist)
核物理学家 (Nuclear physicist)
光学物理学家 (Optics physicist)- 物理研究科学家 (Physics research scientist)
- 等离子体物理学家 (Plasma physicist)
射电天文学家 (Radio astronomer)
遥感研究科学家 (Remote sensing research scientist)- 固体物理学家 (Solid-state physicist)
📋 **NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家** 完整职位名称索引 | Complete Index of Titles
完整职位名称索引 | Complete Index of Titles
- 声学物理学家 (Acoustics physicist)
- 空气动力学家 (Aerodynamicist)
- 空气物理学家 (Aerophysicist)
- 航空航天研究科学家 (Aerospace research scientist)
- 天文学家 (Astronomer)
- 天体物理学家 (Astrophysicist)
- 大气物理学家 (Atmospheric physicist)
- 生物物理学家 (Biophysicist)
- 化学物理学家 (Chemical physicist)
- 通信研究科学家 (Communications research scientist)
- 宇宙射线物理学家 (Cosmic ray physicist)
- 宇宙学家 (Cosmologist)
- 低温物理学家 (Cryogenics physicist)
- 晶体物理学家 (Crystal physicist)
- 电磁物理学家 (Electricity and magnetism physicist)
- 电子物理学家 (Electronics physicist)
- 电子研究科学家 (Electronics research scientist)
- 基本粒子物理学家 (Elementary particle physicist)
- 基本粒子理论家 (Elementary particle theorist)
- 实验物理学家 (Experimental physicist)
- 流体物理学家 (Fluid physicist)
- 健康物理学家 (Health physicist)
- 高温物理学家 (High-temperature physicist)
- 激光物理学家 (Laser physicist)
- 低温物理学家 (Low-temperature physicist)
- 磁物理学家 (Magnetism physicist)
- 数学生物物理学家 (Mathematical biophysicist)
- 力学物理学家 (Mechanics physicist)
- 医学生物物理学家 (Medical biophysicist)
- 医学工程生物物理学家 (Medical engineering biophysicist)
- 医学物理学家 (Medical physicist)
- 金属物理学家 (Metal physicist)
- 计量学家 (Metrologist)
- 微波物理学家 (Microwave physicist)
- 分子生物物理学家 (Molecular biophysicist)
- 纳米技术物理学家 (Nanotechnology physicist)
- 核物理学家 (Nuclear physicist)
- 核反应堆物理学家 (Nuclear reactor physicist)
- 光学物理学家 (Optics physicist)
- 粒子加速器物理学家 (Particle accelerator physicist)
- 粒子物理学家 (Particle physicist)
- 光子物理学家 (Photonics physicist)
- 物理学家 (Physicist)
- 物理研究科学家 (Physics research scientist)
- 等离子体物理学家 (Plasma physicist)
- 辐射生物物理学家 (Radiation biophysicist)
- 射电天文学家 (Radio astronomer)
- 反应堆物理学家 (Reactor physicist)
- 遥感研究科学家 (Remote sensing research scientist)
- 流变学家 (Rheologist)
- 半导体物理学家 (Semiconductor physicist)
- 固体物理学家 (Solid-state physicist)
- 空间物理学家 (Space physicist)
- 理论核物理学家 (Theoretical nuclear physicist)
- 热物理学家 (Thermal physicist)
- X 射线物理学家 (X-ray physicist)
📋 主要职责 | Main Duties
NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家执行以下部分或全部职责 (performs some or all of the following duties)：
- 物理学家
- 设计和进行 (Design and conduct) 实验 (experimental) 和理论物理 (theoretical physics) 研究 (research)。
- 进行 (Carry out) 研究数据 (research data) 分析 (analysis)，并准备 (prepare) 研究报告 (research reports)。
- 作为研究或开发团队 (research or development team) 成员，参与 (participate as a member) 实验 (experimental)、工业 (industrial) 或医疗设备 (medical equipment)、仪器 (instrumentation) 和程序 (procedures) 的设计 (design) 和开发 (development)。
- 天文学家
- 设计和进行 (Design and conduct) 观测调查 (observational surveys)，进行 (conduct) 详细分析 (detailed analyses)，并开发 (develop) 数值模型 (numerical models)，以扩展 (extend) 天体 (celestial bodies) 和宇宙辐射 (cosmic radiation) 的知识 (knowledge)。
- 开发 (Develop) 或参与 (participate in) 观测和分析仪器 (instrumentation and software for astronomical observation and analysis) 的开发 (development)。
📄 **NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家** 英文原文 | View Original English Main Duties
This group performs some or all of the following duties:
- Physicists
- Design and conduct research in experimental and theoretical physicsCarry out analysis of research data and prepare research reportsParticipate as a member of a research or development team in the design and development of experimental, industrial or medical equipment, instrumentation and procedures.AstronomersDesign and conduct observational surveys, conduct detailed analyses and develop numerical models to extend knowledge of celestial bodies and cosmic radiationDevelop or participate in the development of instrumentation and software for astronomical observation and analysis.
- Design and conduct research in experimental and theoretical physics
- Carry out analysis of research data and prepare research reports
- Participate as a member of a research or development team in the design and development of experimental, industrial or medical equipment, instrumentation and procedures.
- Astronomers
- Design and conduct observational surveys, conduct detailed analyses and develop numerical models to extend knowledge of celestial bodies and cosmic radiationDevelop or participate in the development of instrumentation and software for astronomical observation and analysis.
- Design and conduct observational surveys, conduct detailed analyses and develop numerical models to extend knowledge of celestial bodies and cosmic radiation
- Develop or participate in the development of instrumentation and software for astronomical observation and analysis.
🎓 任职要求 | Employment Requirements
NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家任职必备条件：
📚 学历要求 | Educational Requirements
物理学家：
- 物理学家通常需要 (usually require) 物理学 (physics)、工程物理学 (engineering physics) 或相关学科 (related discipline) 的硕士 (master’s) 或博士学位 (doctoral degree)。
天文学家：
- 天文学家通常需要 (usually require) 天文学 (astronomy) 或相关学科 (related discipline) 的硕士 (master’s) 或博士学位 (doctoral degree)。
对应加拿大学历框架：TEER 1（大学学位职业，通常需要学士、硕士或博士学位）
📄 **NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家** 英文原文 | View Original English Employment Requirements
- Physicists usually require a master’s or doctoral degree in a field of physics, engineering physics, or in a related discipline.
- Astronomers usually require a master’s or doctoral degree in astronomy or in a related discipline.
💡 附加信息 | Additional Information
✨ 专业领域和流动性 | Specializations and Mobility
天文学家可以专攻 (may specialize in) 天体物理学 (astrophysics)、观测或光学天文学 (observational or optical astronomy) 和射电天文学 (radio astronomy) 等领域。
物理学 (physics) 和天文学 (astronomy) 内部专业化之间的流动性 (Mobility between specializations) 随着经验的积累 (with experience) 是可能 (possible)。
流动性 (Mobility) 也可能 (is possible) 转移到气象学 (meteorology)、地球物理学 (geophysics) 和其他科学领域 (other fields of science)。
物理学家可以专攻 (may specialize in) 高空大气和空间 (aeronomy and space)、声学 (acoustics)、原子和分子物理 (atomic and molecular physics)、生物物理学 (biophysics)、凝聚态或固体物理 (condensed matter or solid state physics)、电磁学 (electromagnetics)、流体和空气动力学 (fluids and aerodynamics)、健康物理 (health physics)、医学物理 (medical physics)、计量学 (metrology)、粒子物理 (particle physics)、光学和激光物理 (optics and laser physics)、核物理 (nuclear physics) 和等离子体物理 (plasma physics) 等领域。
物理学家可以 (may work closely with) 与工程师密切合作，并执行 (perform) 部分工程师的职责 (duties of engineers)。
随着经验的积累 (with experience)，有可能晋升 (Progression is possible) 到管理职位 (management positions)。
📄 **NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家** 英文原文 | View Original English Additional Information
- Astronomers may specialize in fields such as astrophysics, observational or optical astronomy and radio astronomy.
- Mobility between specializations within physics and within astronomy is possible with experience.
- Mobility is possible to the fields of meteorology, geophysics and other fields of science.
- Physicists may specialize in fields such as aeronomy and space, acoustics, atomic and molecular physics, biophysics, condensed matter or solid state physics, electromagnetics, fluids and aerodynamics, health physics, medical physics, metrology, particle physics, optics and laser physics, nuclear physics and plasma physics.
- Physicists may work closely with and perform some of the duties of engineers.
- Progression to management positions is possible with experience.
🚫 排除职业 | Exclusions
以下职业不属于 NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家类别：
建筑和科学经理 (Architecture and science managers)
参见 20011 建筑和科学经理
计算机工程师（软件工程师和设计师除外） (Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers))
参见 21311 计算机工程师（软件工程师和设计师除外）
物理海洋学家；地球物理学家 (Physical oceanographer; Geophysicist)
参见 21102 地球科学家和海洋学家
📊 TEER 系统说明 | TEER Category System
NOC 21100 物理学家和天文学家对应 TEER 1 大学学位职业 (Occupations usually require a university degree)。
TEER (Training, Education, Experience and Responsibilities) 是 NOC 2021 引入的新分类系统，替代了旧版 NOC 2016 的技能水平分类 (Skill Level)。
🎯 TEER 1 - 大学学位职业特征
TEER 1 包括：
- 通常需要学士 (bachelor’s)、硕士 (master’s) 或博士学位 (doctorate)。
典型要求：
- 完成大学学士学位 (completion of a university bachelor’s degree)；或
- 完成数年的大学 (several years of university) 或大专 (college) 教育，并具备数年相关经验 (several years of experience)，以及特定的专业培训 (specific training)。
职位特点：
- 需要高水平的专业知识 (high level of specialized knowledge)。
- 复杂问题解决能力 (complex problem-solving skills)。
- 独立判断和决策 (independent judgment and decision-making)。
TEER 系统完整分类：
| TEER 类别 | 说明 | 典型要求 |
|---|---|---|
| TEER 1 | 管理职业 | 大学学位或大专+经验 |
| TEER 1 | 大学学位职业 | 学士/硕士/博士学位 |
| TEER 1 | 大专/学徒职业 | 2-3年大专文凭或学徒训练 |
| TEER 1 | 中学后教育职业 | 2年以下大专或学徒训练 |
| TEER 1 | 中学教育职业 | 高中文凭或数周在职培训 |
| TEER 1 | 短期培训职业 | 短期工作示范或在职培训 |
微出国版权声明 | Copyright Notice
本内容基于 Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) NOC 2021 Version 1.0 和 Statistics Canada 官方数据整理，由 微出国 (veryvisa.com) 编译制作。
数据来源 | Data Sources:
- ESDC NOC 2021 Unit Group 21100: https://noc.esdc.gc.ca/Structure/NOCProfile?GocTemplateCulture=en-CA&code=21100&version=2021.0
- NOC 2021 Introduction: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/subjects/standard/noc/2021/introduction
翻译模式 | Translation Mode: 基础模式 (Basic Mode) - 100% 忠实于官方数据，不包含联网搜索的薪资和就业推断信息。本文档仅翻译 JSON 原文字段，使用 emoji 美化和中英文对照增强可读性。