http://www.cdhm.info/aboutcdhm/
关于曼尼托巴省牙科卫生员学院 ABOUT THE COLLEGE 飞出国##
我们的角色和责任 OUR ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES
曼尼托巴省牙科卫生员学院(College of Dental Hygienists of Manitoba)是在省政府的授权下，根据牙科卫生员法令(Dental Hygienists Act)开展活动，并通过服务和保护公共利益管理其成员。
在保护公众方面，该学院确保教育牙科卫生员提供安全恰当的牙科卫生服务，并且要遵守学院制定的从业标准。
The College of Dental Hygienists of Manitoba is mandated by the provincial government, under The Dental Hygienists Act, to carry out its activities and govern its members in a manner that serves and protects the public interest.
In protecting the public, the college ensures that dental hygienists are educated to perform safe and appropriate dental hygiene services and that they follow the practice standards set by the college.
国际教育申请人 Internationally Educated Applicants 飞出国##
如果您是获得国际受教育的牙科卫生员，并希望在曼尼托巴省从事该行业，则您要在开始牙科卫生工作之前，获得曼尼托巴省牙科卫生员学院(CDHM)的执业注册。要获得该项注册，就要参加全国牙科卫生认证考试，并且完成CDHM的技能评估（包括临床内容）。不过，如果您是美籍移民，毕业于认证的牙科卫生课程，并且在美国的一个州进行过注册，就不需要完成这项评估，因为加拿大和美国签署了互惠协议。
以下信息会有助于您通过该项程序，使您获得曼尼托巴省牙科卫生员学院的注册。
If you are an internationally educated dental hygienists and you wish to practice in Manitoba, you will be required to obtain practising registration with the College of Dental Hygienists of Manitoba (CDHM) before beginning any type of dental hygiene practice. To obtain your registration it is a requirement to write the National Dental Hygiene Certification Examination and completed a competency assessment with the CDHM (this assessment involves a clinical component). However, you do not need to complete the competency assessment if you are emigrating from the United States, have graduated from an accredited dental hygiene program and also have practising registration in a state of the United States, as Canada has a reciprocal agreement with this country.
The following information will help guide you through the process to enable you to receive your registration with the College of Dental Hygienists of Manitoba.
是否有资格移民到曼尼托巴省 Am I Eligible To Immigrate To Manitoba? 飞出国###
请访问网站www.immigratemanitoba.com来判断您是否有资格移民到曼尼托巴省。如果达不到移民曼尼托巴省的资格，以免浪费时间、金钱和精力申请CDHM。
需要注意的是，移民手续会花费很长时间，这不同于申请CDHM注册。如果您获准移民到曼尼托巴省，仍然要参加全国牙科卫生认证委员会考试，并且完成技能评估，如果您是美籍移民，毕业于认证的牙科卫生课程，并且在美国的一个州进行过注册，就不需要完成这项评估，因为加拿大和美国签署了互惠协议。
相反，您也许能胜任曼尼托巴省从事牙科卫生员工作，但是不符合移民的资格。因此，同时进行移民和注册手续就很有必要。
Visit www.immigratemanitoba.com to determine whether you are eligible to immigrate to Manitoba. This will ensure you do not waste your time, money and effort applying to the CDHM in the event you are not eligible to immigrate to Manitoba.
It is important to note that the immigration process can take a long time. It is separate from registering with the CDHM. If you are approved to immigrate to Manitoba, you must still be accepted to write the National Dental Hygiene Certification Board Exam and complete the competency assessment. However, you do not need to complete the competency assessment if you are emigrating from the United States, have graduated from an accredited dental hygiene program and also have practising registration in a state of the United States, as Canada has a reciprocal agreement with this country.
Conversely, you may be qualified to practice as a dental hygienist in Manitoba but may be ineligible to immigrate. Therefore, it is essential that you work on both the immigration and the registration process at the same time.
http://www.cdhm.info/international-applicants/how-does-the-system-work-in-canada/
加拿大系统如何工作 How Does The System Work In Canada? 飞出国###
牙科卫生职业当前除了加拿大的爱德华王子岛，其他省份都会受到管制。每个省份都有本省的牙科卫生监管机构。每个省份的注册要求基本一致。
如果其他省份的监管人员对您进行评估，且判定您的教育和工作经历不符合注册牙科卫生员的资格，即使您在另一个省份的监管人员那里申请评估，评估结果仍然一样。这是因为所有省份的牙科卫生监管机构共同制定的注册标准和要求。
The dental hygiene profession is currently regulated in all Canadian provinces except Prince Edward Island. Each province has its own dental hygiene regulatory body. The requirements for registration in each province are quite similar.
If the regulator in another province assesses you and determines that your education and experience does not qualify you to become a registered dental hygienist, you will not get a different result if you apply to another regulator in an alternate province. This is because all the provincial dental hygiene regulatory bodies have worked together to develop criteria and requirements for registration.
http://www.cdhm.info/international-applicants/self-assessment/
自我评估 Self-Assessment 飞出国###
在您申请CDHM之前，您应该判断是否您的教育和工作经历符合曼尼托巴省的注册牙科卫生员的要求。您需要参加全国牙科卫生认证考试 (NDHCE)。有以下两种方法可以获得参加考试的资格：
1.毕业于认证的牙科卫生教育课程的学校 （或在考试注册的四个月内毕业于同类课程的学校）
2. 学习未经过认证的牙科卫生课程（但是符合所有规定的要求）的毕业生，能够获得参加NDHCE考试资格的学历证书和学历（如果您希望继续申请CDHM考试或申请大专教育机构的继续教育，这项手续可能会有助于进行判断）
Before you can apply to the CDHM, you should determine whether your education and experience match with what is required to be a Registered Dental Hygienist in Manitoba. You will be required to write the National Dental Hygiene Certification Exam (NDHCE). There are two ways to be eligible to write the exam:
- Graduate from an accredited* dental hygiene educational program (or be within 4 months of graduating from such program at exam registration time) or,
- Be a graduate of a dental hygiene program that is not accredited* but meets all the required criteria necessary in order to have your educational credentials and qualifications assessed to determine eligibility to write the NDHCE (this process may help you determine if you wish to continue with the CDHM application process or if you should apply to post-secondary educational institute for further learning)
同等学历评估 Equivalency Assessment 飞出国####
作为国际受训的牙科卫生员，您可以通过评估您的教育和学历，来判断是否能参加NDHCE考试，以此获得参加NDHCE考试的资格。所有的关于教育和学历评估程序的信息都可以在NDHCB网站上找到，网址为：http://www.ndhcb.ca/en/exam_eligibility.php。
在该网站上，您会找到以下信息：
- 参加NDHCE考试的教育证书和学历评估手册
- 教育证书评估的申请，以及完成和提交（根据说明）评估需要的所有的附件
- NDHCE的政策和手续
评估的费用当前为$800 CDN。
现在，评估过程没有语言技能测试部分了。请注意，NDHCE考试仅采用加拿大的两种官方语言：英语和法语。
一般来说，有以下两种评估结果：
- 符合规定要求，有资格参加NDHCE的考试
- 不符合规定的要求，不能参加NDHCE考试
积极的评估结果就是你能参加NDHCE考试，并且会接收到你的资格身份的证明信。
消极的评估结果就是你不能参加NDHCE考试，并且会收到一封证明信，证明您的牙科卫生教育中的具体的不足。
认证的含义：由加拿大牙科认证协会(CDAC)或美国牙科认证协会 (ADA/CODA)认证。
As an internationally educated dental hygienist, you have the opportunity to establish your eligibility to write the NDHCE by having an assessment of your education and qualifications to determine eligibility to write the NDHCE. All information pertaining to the education and qualifications assessment process can be found on the NDHCB website at: http://www.ndhcb.ca/en/exam_eligibility.php
On the website you will find the:
- Educational Credentials and Qualifications Assessment for Eligibility to write the NDHCE Handbook
- Application for Assessment of Educational Credentials and all appendices that will need to be completed and submitted (as instructed) in order for the assessment to proceed.
- NDHCE Policies and Procedures
The cost for the assessment is currently $800 CDN.
At this time, there is no language proficiency test as part of this assessment. Please note that the NDHCE is available in the two official languages of Canada: English and French.
Generally there are two types of assessment results:
- You meet the requirements and are eligible to write the NDHCE
- You do not meet the requirements and are not eligible to write the NDHCE.
A positive assessment result means that you are eligible to write the NDHCE and will receive a letter indicating your eligibility status
A negative assessment result means that you have not received eligibility to write the NDHCE and you will receive a letter indicating specific deficiencies in your dental hygiene education.
*Accredited means: accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada (CDAC) or the American Dental Association Commission on Dental Accreditation (ADA/CODA)
技能评估 Competency Assessment 飞出国###
成功通过全国牙科卫生认证考试之后，如果您未收到美国认证机构的牙科卫生教育证明，则需要完成CDHM的技能评估。请查看以下文件了解更多关于申请程序中的技能评估部分的信息。该项评估包括临床部分的评估。请联系CDHM办公室咨询关于申请和注册程序的信息，CDHM办公室电话： 204-219-2678。
After you successfully complete the National Dental Hygiene Certification Board Exam and if you did not receive your dental hygiene education from an accredited institution from the United States of America, you will be required to complete a competency assessment with the CDHM. Please see the following document for more information on the Competency Assessment portion of the application process. This assessment includes a clinical portion. Please feel free to contact the CDHM office at 204-219-2678 to inquire about application and registration process.
http://www.cdhm.info/international-applicants/the-registration-process/
注册手续 The Registration Process 飞出国###
注册时间和注册费用 Time and Cost 飞出国####
准备注册手续时，需要注意以下几点：
获得CDHM的注册耗时达1个月至1年（办完整个手续平均需要2年）。
- 准备申请所需要的资料需要几周或几个月
- CDHM接收到所有的文件之后，NDHCB考试同等学历评估需要八周才能完成
- 技能评估的NDHCB考试的费用为$800 CDN，该费用不可退还
- 必须成功通过包括临床部分的技能评估
NDHCB考试每年举行三次 （一月，五月，九月）
- 参加考试之前需要等数月的时间
截至2015年1月，NDHCB考试费用为 $665（另付申请税）
在CDHM注册过程中，还会产生其他费用：
- 技能评估费：$2500
- 首次申请手续费：$250
- 当前年度注册费：$440
As you prepare for the registration process, it is important to note the following:
It can take months to over a year to become a registrant with the CDHM. (On average, the entire process can take up to two years to complete).
- Documents required for application can take weeks or months to obtain
- the NDHCB examination equivalency assessment takes up to eight weeks after all the documents have been received
- NDHCB examination of equivalency assessment, nonrefundable fee of $800 CDN
- you will be required to successfully complete a competency assessment which includes a clinical component
The NDHCB examination is provided three times per year (January, May, September)
- you may have to wait months before you can take the exam
As of January 2015 the NDHCB Exam fee is: $665 plus applicable taxes
There are a number of fees in the CDHM registration process:
- competency assessment fee of $2500
- there is a first time application processing fee of $250
- the current annual registration fee is $440
http://cdhm.info/PDFs/CDHM_Competency_Assessment_Information_Package_May2015.pdf
技能评估信息指南 Competency Assessment(CA) Information Guide 飞出国##
技能评估的目的是为了评估牙科卫生员安全合格的执业能力。要评估技能是否达到了曼尼托巴省的牙科卫生员的初级水平，并评估申请人使用专业知识和技能的能力，以及其合格并安全提供牙科健康护理的态度和判断能力。要达到技能评估的资格，申请人必须要满足曼尼托巴省牙科卫生员学院(CDHM)制定的资格标准。如果您通过了评估申请，CDHM会给您发送一份书面确认函以及其他的信息和文件。
The intent of the Competency Assessment (CA) is to evaluate dental hygienists for safe, competent practice. Competence is judged to a level of entry-level dental hygienists in Manitoba and evaluates a candidate’s ability to utilize professional knowledge, skills, attitudes and judgment in providing oral health care competently and safely. To qualify for the Competency Assessment, candidates must meet the eligibility criteria established by the College of Dental Hygienists of Manitoba (CDHM). Once your application for assessment has been approved, written confirmation will be sent to you along with further information and documentation.
简介 Introduction 飞出国###
CDHM 技能评估 (CA)已发展以下人员的前期学习和认知的工具：
- 三年内未从事牙科卫生工作的人
- 开始注册的三年之内未达到最低要求的实习时间的人
- 从国际牙科卫生课程毕业的毕业生
这份信息指南能够帮助申请人了解技能评估的过程。包括以下信息：
- 日期
- 地点
- 文件和费用
- 格式
- 评估&结果
- 客户
- 物资和设备
- 临床程序
- 资源
- 问题
- 临床记录
- 诊所手册/感染控制手册
- 临床评估标准
该项技能评估是根据CRDHA牙科卫生临床考试举行的。
The CDHM Competency Assessment (CA) has been developed as a Prior Learning and Recognition (PLAR) tool for:
Individuals who have been out of dental hygiene practice for more than three years;
Individuals who have not met the minimum practice hours required in the three year period immediately preceding when registration is sought; or
Graduates of International dental hygiene programs.
This Information Guide has been developed to assist candidates in understanding the Competency Assessment (CA) process. It includes the following:
Dates
Location
Documents and Fees
Format
Evaluation & Results
Clients
Supplies and Equipment
Clinical Procedures
Resources
Questions
Clinical Records
Clinic Manual/ Infection Control Manual
Criteria for Clinical Evaluation
*This Competency Assessment has been based on the Dental Hygiene Clinical Examination of the CRDHA
1. 技能评估日期 (CA) DATES 飞出国###
要根据申请人的人数，能使用的空间及资源来决定具体日期。
Determination of dates depends on the number of candidates involved and availability of clinic space and resources.
2. 技能评估地点 (CA) LOCATION 飞出国###
技能评估(CA)会在曼尼托巴大学，Bannatyne 校区，牙科卫生学院举行-地址780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg。
技能评估申请人要合理安排出行，确保按时到达技能评估现场。迟到的话，会禁止您继续参加技能评估，并且会没收您的技能评估费用。
The CA will be held at the School of Dental Hygiene, University of Manitoba, Bannatyne Campus - 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg.
It is the responsibility of the CA candidate to make appropriate travel arrangements that ensure arrival to the Competency Assessment (CA) session on time. Late arrivals will not be permitted to continue the Competency Assessment (CA) process and will forfeit the Competency Assessment (CA) fees.
3. 技能评估文件和费用 (CA) DOCUMENTS AND FEES 飞出国###
要参加技能评估(CA)的人员必须提供以下文件：
- 提交给CDHM一份完整的注册申请，包括以下证明文件和材料：
- 由官方机构直接寄给CDHM的正式的成绩单
- 全国牙科卫生认证委员会考试证书的副本。
- 职业责任保险证明，每份索赔费为$1,000,000，一共$3,000,000。
- 提交一份完整的技能评估申请表格
- 附加缴费单（可接受的个人的或认证的支票）
Those individuals who wish to take the CA must:
- Submit a complete _Application for Registration _with the CDHM, including all the supporting documentation and requirements, including:
- Official transcript sent directly to the CDHM by the granting institution
- Notarized copy of the National Dental Hygiene Certification Board Examination (NDHCE) certificate
- Evidence of holding professional liability insurance in the amount of $1,000,000 per claim, $3,000,000 aggregate
- Submit a completed _Application for Competency Assessment _form;
- Enclose payment (personal or certified cheque acceptable)
技能评估费用：大约 $2,500.00
无论什么理由，如果不能参加考试，就必须在技能评估（CA）开始之前的一个工作日内作出书面申请。在规定的通知期限内，因故不能参加考试就能免除$300.00的考试费用。如果没有特别通知或无故缺考，则CA费用就会被没收。关于所有费用的变更情况，恕不另行通知。
如果申请人通过了技能评估（CA）的申请，申请人需要提供评估更多详细的评估标准的申请材料。
**Competency Assessment (CA) Fee **: approximately $2,500.00
Request for withdrawal from the examination, for any reason, must be made in writing a minimum of five working days before the first day of the CA. Withdrawal for any reason, in the specified notice period, will result in a cancellation fee of $300.00. Withdrawal without the minimum specified notice or failure to appear for the examination will result in forfeiture of the entire CA fee. All fees are subject to change without notice.
Once a candidate’s application for Competency Assessment has been approved, a Candidate Package will be provided that further details the assessment and the criteria measured.
4. 技能评估表格 (CA) FORMAT 飞出国###
技能评估（CA）是由曼尼托巴大学的牙科卫生学院的指导员组织的，包括在曼尼托巴省能安全并合格从事牙科卫生员工作所需要的基本知识和技能两部分的评估。
技能评估（CA）至少为期两天。
The Competency Assessment (CA) has been developed by a group of dental hygiene instructors at the School of Dental Hygiene, University of Manitoba. The Competency Assessment (CA) represents the basic knowledge and skills needed to practice safely and competently as a dental hygienist in Manitoba.
The Competency Assessment (CA) is offered over two days:
第一部分：第一天上午-法理学考试Part 1: Day One (AM) – Jurisprudence 飞出国
法律知识的考试包括25个多选题，这些多选题会审查在曼尼托巴省从事牙科卫生工作时应用到的法律知识。考试时长为60分钟。考试及格分为达到满分的80%。
The jurisprudence exam will consist of 25 multiple choice questions that review the legislation and jurisprudence that applies to dental hygiene practice in Manitoba. The duration of the exam will be 60 minutes. A score of 80% is required for successful completion.
Orientation: to the School of Dental Hygiene clinical facility.
法理学考试用到的资料 Materials Available for the Jurisprudence Examination 飞出国
参加考试前申请人需要学习以下的资料：
- 牙科卫生员法
- 牙科卫生员条例
- CDHM章程
- CDHM从业标准
- CDHM技能
- CDHM能力提高课程计划
The following materials will be available to the candidate for study prior to the examination:
The Dental Hygienists Act
The Dental Hygienist Regulations
The CDHM Bylaws
The CDHM Practice Standards
The CDHM Competencies
The CDHM Continuing Competency Program Package
第二部分：第一天下午-放射线技术Part 2: Day One (PM) – Radiography 飞出国
在考试的第二部分，会对放射摄影的拍摄和查看技能进行评估。
第一部分：放射摄影检测技术（Radiographic Survey Technique）包括拍摄，处理成像；回答关于放射摄影理论和放射卫生的问题；评估X射线摄像的质量，包括识别技术错误和重新拍摄的必要性以及对摄像解读(例如，解剖标志，异常状况，图像伪影，养生保健，技术性错误)。考生必须在评估人员的指导下进行一整套根尖周实践操作，并在DxTR人体模特咬翼片（16项投影和2-4咬翼片）。考试时限为90分钟。评估时将由考生和评估人员选择使用薄膜式或数字摄影设备。
第二部分：放射摄影监测的解释会通过目的模拟临床考试（OSCE），对考生的X光照片解读能力进行评估。此次考试最多包括60个问答题，，都是关于在类似教室的考试环境下拍摄一系列的X光照片。这些考试问题需要简写答案。考试时长为90分钟。考试期间，不准携带背包，教科书，学习资料，手机以及其他的电子设备和未经允许的材料。
During Part Two of the examination, competence in both the taking and interpretation of radiographs will be assessed.
Section 1: Radiographic Survey Technique includes exposing, processing and mounting films; answering questions related to radiography theory and radiation hygiene; evaluation of the quality of radiographs including identifying technical errors and the need for retakes, and interpretation of radiographs (eg. anatomical landmarks, abnormal conditions, artifacts, restorative care, technical errors). Candidates will be required to take a full mouth series of periapical and bite wing radiographs (16 projections plus 2-4 bitewings) on a DxTR mannequin, as directed by the assessor. The maximum allotted time will be 90 minutes. The choice of using either film-based or digital radiographic equipment will be determined by candidate and assessor.
Section 2: Radiographic Survey Interpretation assesses competence in the interpretation of radiographs through completion of an objective simulated clinical examination (OSCE). The examination will consist of a maximum of 60 questions, based on a series of radiographs to be projected on a screen in a classroom-style examination setting. The exam questions require short- answer written responses. The maximum allotted time will be 90 minutes. No backpacks, textbooks, study materials, cell phones and other electronic devices or other unauthorized materials are permitted during the examination period.
放射线考试可用的设备和材料 Equipment and Materials Available for the Radiography Examination
除了数字X光照相设备，以下的胶卷装置的设备也可在X光照相临床中使用：
- X射线单元：70-100kv(可调节的)视准-扩展摄像目标（16” long cone）开放时气缸
- 自动处理器
- 计时器
- 影片：口腔大小，1,2根尖周，要翼电影
- 持有人：Rinn XCP仪器设备，咬翼标签，棉花球
- 全面检查装置
- 电子视图框
In addition to digital radiography equipment, the following film-based equipment will be available in the radiography clinic:
X-ray Units: 70-100 kv (adjustable) Collimation – Extended Target to Film (16” long cone) Open Ended Cylinders
Automatic Processor
Timers
Films: Intraoral size, 1, 2, Periapicals, Bite Wing Films
Holders: Rinn XCP Instrument Package, Bite Wing Tabs, Cotton Rolls
Full Survey Mounts
Electronic View Boxes
第三部分：第二天全天-临床治疗-全天在诊所陪病号Part 3: Day Two (AM & PM) – Clinical Therapy - Full day in the clinic with a client 飞出国
考试会评估考生的牙科卫生员的以下相关的临床实践能力进行评估：医疗&牙科病史，口腔外和口腔内的检查，牙周评估@图标，硬组织图表&咬合分析，牙科卫生诊断，其中包括客户-详细解释X光摄像，护理计划，口腔卫生指导，临床操作&管理，仪器话步骤，抛光&辅助治疗（例如，氟化物，脱敏）以及评估。
考生必须要为他们的病人提供第二部分的测试，不过如果在考试过程中病人有任何的风险，CDHM会为申请人提供帮助。该指南稍后会提供病人选择的标准。
其他技能-局部麻醉/恢复
如果考生需要关于局部麻醉/恢复技能管理的评估，则必须成功完成一年的曼尼托巴省牙科卫生学院的麻醉/恢复课程。评估过程中产生的额外由考生承担，不包括在技能评估费用内。局部麻醉管理是选择性技能，考生不要求在曼尼托巴省从事牙科卫生工作。您可以联系牙科卫生学院了解更多详情。
The candidate’s competence will be assessed relating to the following clinical areas of dental hygiene practice: Medical & Dental History, Extra/Intraoral Exam, Periodontal Assessment & Charting, Hard Tissue Charting & Occlusal Analysis, Dental Hygiene Diagnosis including client- specific Radiographic Interpretation, Care Planning, Oral Hygiene Instruction, Clinical Conduct & Management, Instrumentation Procedures, Polishing & Adjunctive Therapies (e.g. Fluoride, Desensitization) and Evaluation.
The candidate must supply their own client for Part Two of the examination, however if there are challenges around finding clients the CDHM will endeavour to support the applicant in this regard. Criteria for client selection are provided later in this guide
Additional Skills – Local Anaesthesia/Restorative
If a candidate requires assessment regarding the administration of local anaesthesia and/or restorative skills, the candidate will be required to successfully complete the University of Manitoba School of Dental Hygiene anaesthetic and/or restorative modules offered throughout the year. The cost incurred will be at the additional expense of the candidate, and not included in the cost of the competency assessment. The administration of local anaesthetic is still an optional skill and not required by candidates to practice dental hygiene in the province of Manitoba. Information can be obtained by contacting the School of Dental Hygiene.
5. 评估&结果 EVALUATION & RESULTS 飞出国
如果考生成功注册了考试，可在CA手册里查看每项临床步骤的评估标准。
考生必须成功通过技能评估的临床部分考试。
Evaluation criteria for each clinical procedure are specified in the CA Handbook provided to candidates once registration for the exam is complete.
Candidates must successfully complete all parts of the clinical components of the Competency Assessment (CA) to pass.
实践的结果和注册 Results and Registration to Practice 飞出国
成功通过评估的考生会写在他们的CA结果上以通知考生。成功通过CA的考生必须成功通过CDHM注册的所有程序。只有CDHM签发了注册编号和个人的许可证之后，考生才能在曼尼托巴省从事牙科卫生工作。
建议未通过评估的考生记号技能评估的详细结果。
Successful candidates will be notified in writing of the results of their CA. Successful completion of the CA must be followed by completion of all processes for registration with the CDHM. Successful candidates must not engage in the practice of dental hygiene in Manitoba until the CDHM has issued a registration number and a practicing license in the person’s name.
Unsuccessful candidates are advised in writing of the detailed results of the competency assessment.
重新参加评估 Assessment Re-takes 飞出国
失败的考生可以申请再次参加下一轮考试，需要支付重考费用。
考生最多有三次参加临床考试的机会。在第二次考试失利之后，考生必须在获准参加第三次和最后一次临床考试之前，提供补习，补考或升级课程的证明。
Unsuccessful candidates may apply for re-examination at the next scheduled examination session. Payment of the set examination fee is required for re-examination.
A candidate will be allowed a maximum of three attempts to pass the clinical examination. After the second unsuccessful attempt, the candidate must provide evidence of completing a refresher, remedial or upgrading course prior to being allowed a third and final attempt at the clinical examination.
6. 病人 CLIENTS 飞出国
技能评估（CA）中选择恰当的病人（临床考试中模拟病人）很关键。考生必须要提供一名病人。CDHM的成员或评估者不会在考试前或考试中协助考生寻找客户。
技能评估需要一名能提供一整天时间的成人客户。所有的临床步骤都会对同一个客户进行。对医药有过敏反应的客户不适合参加临床考试。要对考生的临床技能进行评估，对客户有具体的标准要求。要确保合适，考生要在考试之前，应该获得当前的医疗病史，并进行一次检查筛选，来验证客户满足考试标准。如果考生不能确保客户准时出现在考场或能够适用，强烈建议考生准备一名备用客户。
评估人员不会对不完整的临床步骤进行评估。因此，考生在选择客户的时候需要多加考虑客户的配合态度。胆小的，高度敏感的客户，或者不能一直等到完成技能评估的客户不应该予以考虑。如果考生的客户拒绝需要评估的某方面的治疗或在任何评估检查环节拒绝三位检查员的检查，则该项考试视为失败。
Selection of an appropriate client is a critical factor in the Competency Assessment (CA). The candidate must supply a client. The CDHM, its staff or examiners cannot assist candidates in obtaining clients before or during the examination.
One adult client who can attend for a full day is required for the CA. All clinical procedures are performed on the same client. Medically compromised clients are not suitable for the clinical examination. Specific client criteria are required in order to assess the candidate’s clinical competence. To ensure suitability, the candidate should obtain a current medical history and do a screening check to verify that the client meets the examination criteria prior to appearing at the examination. An alternative client is strongly suggested if a candidate is unsure of the client’s acceptability or reliability.
Incomplete procedures cannot be evaluated. Therefore, an additional consideration in client selection is the cooperative attitude of the client. A client who is apprehensive, hypersensitive or who is unable to remain until the CA is completed should not be selected. If your client refuses certain aspects of the treatment to be assessed or refuses to be examined by three examiners at any evaluation check-point, the examination will be determined a “fail”.
参加考试的客户必须满足以下标准：
- 成人客户（最小年龄为18岁）
- 排除以下人员：牙医，牙科卫生员，牙科助理或牙科学生，牙科卫生员或从事牙科助理的工作人员。
- 客户必须至少有20颗牙齿，占满口腔的四分之三。至少四分之三的牙齿是两尖齿和臼齿。
- 必须携带近两年内拍的X光照片。X光照片必须是清晰的，把失真度降到最小。X光照片可以是水平的，也可是垂直的。相邻的骨头水平必须能在所有的X光照片中看得见。如果可以的话，请复制一份，需附在客户表格后边，作为永久性临床考试记录的一部分。
- 必须由牙龈上或牙龈下的结石（SP/SB 2 or 3如下规定）。
- 如果客户又任何的显著关于抗生素方面的医学问题，则必须出示医师或牙医出具的书面的体检合格证和抗生素预防（例如，人工关节，人工心脏模型，感染性心内膜炎的病史，严重的先天性心脏病，心脏移植）体检合格证必须显示具体的医疗问题。
- 必须由一个血压值的证明书（血压为160/110或更低）值接受血压在160/100至180/110之间的客户，且客户需要签一份许可信。
- 医师。CDHM禁止对血压超过180/110的客户进行任何治疗。
- 禁止戴着牙齿矫正的牙套（带着舌弓配合方丝弓是可以接受的）
- 禁止使用在近六年内有心脏病，中风或心脏外科手术的客户。
- 禁止使用患有肺结核病的客户。临床症状包括：严重的感冒会持续两周多，胸疼，会咳血或咳痰。患有阳性肺结核的客户或没有以上临床症状的客户也可以使用。
- 禁止使用在前驱症状，水疱或水疱溃烂阶段有口腔疹的客户。
- 客户不能有任何的条件或药品/毒品的使用历史，可能会由于考试步的时长或本质而对其不利。
- 禁止客户因骨癌或严重的骨质疏松而使用静脉的二磷酸盐（例如，Zometa或Aredia）。
Examination clients must meet _all _of the following criteria:
- Adult client (minimum 18 years of age)
- Must not be a dentist, a dental hygienist, a dental assistant or a student of a dentistry, dental hygiene or dental assisting program.
- Must have a minimum of 20 teeth, with teeth in at least three quadrants. At least three of the teeth in a quadrant must be bicuspids and molars.
- Must have bite wing radiographs taken within the last two years. Radiographs must be available, clear and exhibit minimal distortion. Radiographs may be horizontal or vertical. Interproximal bone level must be visible on all radiographs. If possible, please make duplicates, if necessary, as one set of radiographs must be left in the client chart as part of the permanent clinical exam records.
- Must have supra and subgingival calculus (SP/SB 2 or 3 as defined below).
- Must present with written medical clearance and antibiotic prophylaxis from a physician or dentist if the client has any significant medical problem requiring antibiotic coverage (e.g. joint prosthesis, artificial heart valves, history of infective endocarditis, serious congenital heart conditions, cardiac transplant). The medical clearance must indicate the specific medical concern.
- Must have a blood pressure reading of 160/100 or below. A client with a blood pressure between 160/100 and 180/110 is accepted only with the written consent of the client’s
- physician. The CDHM does not allow treatment of any client with a blood pressure greater than 180/110.
- Must not have orthodontic bands (bonded lingual arch wires are acceptable).
- Must not have had a heart attack, stroke or cardiac surgery within the past six months.
- Must not have active tuberculosis. Clinical signs would include: a bad cold that has lasted longer than two weeks, pain in the chest, coughing up blood or sputum. A client who has tested positive for TB, or is being treated for TB but does not have the clinical symptoms, is acceptable.
- Must not have orofacial herpes at the prodromal, vesicle, or ulcerated vesicle stages.
- Must not have any condition or medication/drug history that might be adversely aggravated by the length or nature of the examination procedures.
- Must not have been treated with intravenous bisphosphonates (e.g. Zometa or Aredia) for bone cancer or severe osteoporosis.
SP/SB 2 or 3结石的分类需要临床考试。如果他的客户不能满足这些标准，则考生不能继续考试。
SP2-上牙龈结石覆盖4/1到2/1的牙齿为适量
SP3-上牙龈覆盖超过1/2的牙齿为超量
SB2-适量的下牙龈结石（例如，深入牙龈的类似手指或蕨类植物的凸起，或环绕在牙齿表面颈部分的连续环）是在X光照相里面看得见的。
*在判断牙床分类时，会根据评估者的标准考虑其他因素。
A calculus classification of SP/SB 2 or 3 is required for the Clinical Examination. A candidate will not be permitted to continue with the examination if his/her client does not meet these criteria.
SP2 - moderate amount of supragingival calculus covering 1/4 to 1/2 of the tooth SP3 - heavy amount of supragingival calculus covering more than 1/2 of the tooth
SB2 - moderate amount of subgingival calculus (e.g. ledges, rings, or readily detectable interproximal deposits burnished calculus)
SB3 - heavy amount of subgingival calculus (e.g. finger-like or fern-like projections down the roots, or continuous rings surrounding the cervical portion of the tooth surface) which are radiographically visible.
- Other factors may be taken into consideration when determining the deposit classification at the evaluators’ discretion.
不建议考生选择以下的病人 Candidates are advised not to select clients that have: 飞出国
- 可探测深度大于6mm
- 第三类分叉（Class III furcations）,第三类移动性（Class III mobility）
- 大量临时性的或错误的修复或悬突向龈下扩张。
- 所有的龋齿会向龈下扩张或影响结石切除或病人的健康。
- 牙冠的龈下边缘粗糙或状况不好（平滑的或可接受的龈下边缘）
Generalized probing depths greater than 6mm
Class III furcations, Class III mobility
A number of temporary or faulty restorations or overhangs that extend subgingivally.
Gross caries that extend subgingivally or will interfere with calculus removal and/or patient comfort.
Crowns with rough or poor subgingival margins (smooth and/or supragingival margins are acceptable).
如果带到技能评估现场的客户不符合规定的标准，并且也不适合考生临床技能评估，或在医学上不适合牙科卫生护理的话，则该客户就具备评估客户的资格。可使用备用的客户，则考生有足够的时间继续规定的评估。如果不能提供合适的备用客户的话，则考生的评估终止，并且没收评估费用。
If a client brought to the Competency Assessment does not meet the stated criteria and is not suitable for assessment of the candidate’s clinical skills, or is not medically suitable for dental hygiene care, the client will be disqualified as an assessment client. An acceptable alternative client should be available in enough time for the candidate to continue with the assessment as scheduled. Inability to provide a suitable alternative client will result in termination of the assessment and forfeiture of the assessment fee.
7. 设备供应 SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT 飞出国
曼尼托巴省的牙科学院会为技能评估提供现代的，设备齐全的牙科临床设备。
The Competency Assessment (CA) facility is a modern, fully equipped dental clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba.
考生需提供以下物品 Candidates are expected to provide: 飞出国
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消过毒的手持式器械。工具必须包括镜片，探索工具，探针，刮器（包括镰刀刮器H6/7，S204或其他工具）（例如。Nevi或Montana Jack）和刮匙（包括普通的刮匙和地方规定的Graceys）
-
附加考试的工具-消毒处理过的并分开包装的镜片，探索工具，探针
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消过毒的打磨牙齿的工具
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无菌的测试设备锋利性的丙烯酸测试棒
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个人的安全眼镜
-
考生任务需要的其他的设备
-
锁在储存个人物品的指定柜的组合锁具
Sterilized hand instruments. Kit must include mirror, explorers, probes, and scalers including sickle scalers H6/7, S204 and any additional choice (eg. Nevi or Montana Jack) and curet scalers including a universal curet and a selection of area-specific Graceys
An extra exam kit – mirror, explorer and probe, which is sterilized and packaged separately from all other instruments
Sterilized instrument sharpening stone
Sterilized acrylic testing stick to assess instrument sharpness
Personal safety glasses
Any other equipment that the candidate thinks will be necessary
A combination lock to secure personal items in an assigned locker
The following equipment will be available at the examination site:
考生也可携带自己适用的物品。
-
背带裤夹
-
手镜
-
手持式镜片
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客户安全眼镜
-
杀菌&消毒的用品和设备
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手把件和洁牙角
-
橡胶杯和刷子
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仪表盘
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自吸式麻醉注射器和止血钳子
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麻醉剂
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吸唾器和/或吸痰管
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空气/水注射器管
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血压计
-
听诊器
-
牙垫
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模型3000系类（30k）穿孔锥和镶嵌件
-
棉花球
-
棉签涂药器
-
纱布
-
纸巾
-
牙科调药盘
-
显示液
-
磨光剂
-
手套
-
口罩
-
氟化物托盘
-
氟化物凝胶
Candidates may wish to bring their own preferred items.
Bib clips
Hand mirror
Client Safety Glasses
Sterilizing & Disinfecting Supplies and Equipment
Hand pieces and Prophy angles
Rubber cups & Brushes
Instrument Trays
Self-aspirating Anaesthetic Syringe and Hemostat
Anaesthesia Agents
Saliva Ejectors &/or Suction Tips
Air/Water Syringe Tips
Sphygmomanometer
Stethoscope
Bite Block
Model 3000 Series (30k) Cavitron & Inserts
Cotton Rolls
Cotton Tip Applicators
Gauze
Kleenex
Dappen Dishes
Disclosing Solution
Polishing Agents
Gloves
Masks
Fluoride Trays
Fluoride Gel
带到技能评估现场的所有的设备都有进行消毒处理。在进行技能评估之前没有对设备消毒的时间。
带到技能评估现场的所有的设备必须在临床考试之前打磨好。考生清创术时也要展示设备打磨技能和维护锋利设备的技能。
All instruments brought to the Competency Assessment (CA) must be sterilized . There is no time to sterilize instruments prior to the Competency Assessment (CA).
All instruments brought to the Competency Assessment (CA) must be sharpened prior to the clinical session. Candidates will also be expected to demonstrate instrument sharpening skills and maintain sharp instruments during debridement.
8. 临床步骤 CLINICAL PROCEDURES 飞出国
这份材料里面包括详细的技能评估信息，，包括时间表，示例图表，临床手册，感染控制准则和能力评估标准。
Detailed Competency Assessment (CA) information, including a schedule, sample charts, Clinic Manual, Infection Control Guidelines and Evaluation Criteria for Competence, are included in this package.
普通信息 General Information 飞出国
- 评估人员会使用国际牙编号系统
- 技能评估会分为三部分，并且要求考生在规定的时间内完成所有内容。考生须严格遵守时间规定。
- 有的步骤会在结束后进行评估；有的步骤可能会在操作过程中进行评估也可能会在结束时评估。
- 评估人员对把考生的操作和具体的书面标准进行对比后进行评估每个步骤。CA手册里面有这些具体的标准。
Examiners will be using the International Tooth Numbering System
The Competency Assessment (CA) is divided into three parts and _candidates are required to complete all parts _within a specified time period. Times will be strictly adhered to.
Some procedures are evaluated at their completion; others are evaluated while they are being performed and also at completion.
Examiners evaluate each procedure by comparing the candidate’s practice to specific written criteria. These criteria are included in the CA Handbook.
9.资源 RESOURCES 飞出国
向考生推荐以下的参考文献以准备技能评估：
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Daniel, S. & Harfst, S. (2002) M o s b y ’ s D e n t a l H y g i e n e – Concepts, Cases and Competencies
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Darby, M. & Walsh, M. (2009). Dental Hygiene Theory and Practice. 3rd Ed., St Louis, Saunders.
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Haring, Joen I. & Lind, Laura J. (1993) Radiographic Interpretation for the Dental Hygienist. Login Brothers.
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Nield-Gehrig, Jill S. (2008) Fundamentals of Periodontal Instrumentation. 6th</span</spanEd., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Weinberg, M (2001) Comprehensive Periodontics for the Dental Hygienist
The following reference texts are recommended to assist candidates with Competency Assessment (CA) preparation:
Daniel, S. & Harfst, S. (2002) M o s b y ’ s D e n t a l H y g i e n e – Concepts, Cases and Competencies
Darby, M. & Walsh, M. (2009). Dental Hygiene Theory and Practice. 3rd Ed., St Louis, Saunders.
Haring, Joen I. & Lind, Laura J. (1993) Radiographic Interpretation for the Dental Hygienist. Login Brothers.
Nield-Gehrig, Jill S. (2008) Fundamentals of Periodontal Instrumentation. 6th</span</spanEd., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Weinberg, M (2001) Comprehensive Periodontics for the Dental Hygienist
通常在地方的图书馆不易找到牙科卫生教科书。在设有牙科卫生课程的大学和社区学校的图书馆会有此类教课书。这些图书馆可能会付费看书。在温尼伯，牙科卫生学校，曼尼托巴大学和巴纳蒂恩（Bannatyne Campus）设有卫生学教育。尼尔·约翰·麦克莱恩健康科学图书馆位于 770 Bannatyne Avenue, Bannatyne Campus。
Dental hygiene textbooks are not commonly found in local libraries. Textbooks may be available in bookstores of universities and community colleges with dental hygiene programs. They may also be available as a library loan, for a fee. In Winnipeg, dental hygiene education is offered at the School of Dental Hygiene, University of Manitoba, Bannatyne Campus. The Neil John Maclean Health Sciences Library, is located at 770 Bannatyne Avenue, Bannatyne Campus.
10. 问题 QUESTIONS
关于技能评估程序的问题可直接到学院办公室去咨询，地址及联系方式：
College of Dental Hygienists of Manitoba 109-420 Des Meurons Street
Winnipeg, MB. R2H2N9 T: 204-219-2678
F: 204-219-2679
Questions concerning the Competency Assessment (CA) process should be directed to the College office:
College of Dental Hygienists of Manitoba 109-420 Des Meurons Street
Winnipeg, MB. R2H2N9 T: 204-219-2678
F: 204-219-2679
11. 临床记录 CLINICAL RECORDS 飞出国
以下的记录包括客户表格。考生需要在临床评估过程中（而非在此之前）完成以下的记录。
- 客户同意书/授权协议书
- 病史
- I.牙科病史
- II.医疗病史
- 牙科卫生评估总结- 牙周和硬组织记录
- I. 健康史
- II. 客户首要关切的问题
- III. 口腔健康行为
- IV. 吸烟史
- V. 口腔外观察
- VI. 口腔内观察
- VII. 评估数据
- VIII. 牙周图标
- IX. 牙周诊断
- X. 咬合分析
- XI. 假牙/应用
- XII. 龋齿风险介绍
- XIII. 硬组织图表
- 牙科卫生护理计划/人类需求评估参考表格
- 每天治疗记录
The following records comprise the Client Chart. Candidates are expected to complete the following records during, but not prior to, their clinical assessment.
- Client Consent/ Release Form
- History
- I. Dental History
- II. Medical History
- Dental Hygiene Assessment Summary – Periodontal and Hard Tissue Record
- I. Health History
- II. Client’s Chief Concern
- III. Oral Health Behaviours
- IV. Tobacco Use History
- V. Extra-Oral Observations
- VI. Intra-Oral Observations
- VII. Assessment Data
- VIII. Periodontal Charting
- IX. Periodontal Diagnosis
- X. Occlusal Analysis
- XI. Dentures/Appliances
- XII. Caries Risk Profile
- XIII. Hard Tissue Charting
- Dental Hygiene Care Plan/ Human Needs Assessment Reference form
- Daily Treatment Record
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