Interview Preparation - Medical Examination FAQs
面谈准备 - 健康检查常见问题解答
General Questions
常见问题
Are children required to have chest x-rays or blood tests?
儿童需要进行胸透或血液检查吗？
Chest X-ray and blood tests are not usually required for children under the age of fifteen.
通常情况下，十五岁以下儿童不要求进行胸透和血液检查。
What if the applicant has an intellectual or learning disability?
如果申请人有智力残疾或学习障碍怎么办？
Applicants with an intellectual or learning disability must present a report of their condition and any special educational or supervision requirements.
有智力残疾或学习障碍的申请人必须提交一份关于他们的障碍情况以及有任何特殊教育要求或监护要求的报告。
What is the legal basis for requesting medical information for visa applicants?
有权要求获得签证申请人健康信息的法律依据是什么？
Medical eligibility is a requirement of INA Sections 212(a) and 221(d). Failure to provide required information may cause delay or denial of immigrant visas. If an immigrant visa is not issued, all medical eligibility forms will be treated as confidential under INA Section 222(f).
在INA 212(a)和221(d)的规定中有要求申请人身体素质过关这项要求。未能提供所需的信息可能会导致移民签证的延迟或拒签。在INA 222（f）中规定，如果移民签证没有签发,会对申请人所有的健康状况保密。
What should the applicant expect at the medical examination?
在健康检查时申请人应该做些什么？
The applicant must show his/her passport (or other photo identification) and appointment letter to the doctor during the medical examination.
在健康检查期间，申请人应该向指定医生出具他或她的护照（或其他带照片的有效证件）和委派信。
The medical examination will include a medical history review, physical examination, chest X-ray and blood tests for syphilis.
健康检查包括病史、体检、胸透 以及针对梅毒的血液检查。
The physical examination will at least include examination of the eyes, ears, nose and throat, extremities, heart, lungs, abdomen, lymph nodes, skin and external genitalia.
体检至少包括对眼、耳、鼻、喉、四肢、心脏、肺、腹部、淋巴结、皮肤和外生殖器的检查。
In some countries, the panel physician will send the results to the U.S. Embassy/Consulate directly. In other countries, the panel physician will give the applicant his/her medical exam results in a sealed envelope and an x-ray which the applicant must bring to the interview.
在一些国家,医生组将会把检查结果直接递交到美国大使馆/领事馆。在其他国家,医生组会把检查结果和X光片以密封的形式交给他/她，这些东西在申请人面谈的时候都要带着。
Note: The medical examination is not a complete physical examination. Its purpose is to screen for certain medical conditions relevant to U.S. immigration law. The panel physician is not required to examine you for any conditions except those the U.S. Public Health Service specifies for U.S. immigration purposes, nor is the physician required to provide you with diagnosis or treatment even though other matters related to your health might be discovered. This examination is not a substitute for a full physical examination, consultation, diagnosis, or treatment by your primary health care provider.
“备注”：健康检查并非一套完整的体检。其目的是根据美国的移民法对某些疾病进行筛查。 除了出于移民目，美国公共卫生署指定的检查,不会要求医生组对你进行别的检查，即使其间可能会发现你的其他健康相关问题，但也不会要求医生给你进行诊断和治疗。这一检查不能替代你原来的医疗保健机构向你提供的包括体检、咨询、诊断、或治疗的一套全面体检。
Medical Conditions/History
健康情况和病史
What if the applicant had a positive tuberculosis skin test?
经皮试检测出申请人肺结核阳性怎么办？
Applicants with a previous positive skin test for tuberculosis should provide a certificate from the attending doctor (giving the circumstances of the positive test result, and indicating any treatment prescribed, and its duration) to the panel physician. If the applicant has ever been diagnosed with tuberculosis, the applicant must present a written certification, signed by the attending doctor, proving that the applicant was adequately treated. The certificate must include dates and types of medications taken. Applicants who ever had an abnormal chest X-ray should borrow the last X-ray films taken and bring them to the panel physician. The actual films, not the typed reports, may be required to compare with the X-rays that will be taken at the medical examination.
当皮试检测出申请人肺结核阳性时，申请人应该向医生组提供由主治医师开具的证明（带有阳性测试结果的情况，任何形式的处方治疗以及治疗时间)。如果申请人曾经被诊断为患肺结核,申请人必须提交一份由主治医师签字的书面认证,以此证明申请人接受了充分的治疗。书面认证必须包括用药的日期和药物类型。曾经胸透检查异常的申请人要向医生组提交一份近期的X光片。是的X光片的底片，而非打印的报告,这个光片可能要与健康检查时的X光片做比较。
What if the applicant had syphilis?
如果申请人曾患有梅毒怎么办？
Applicants who have had syphilis must present the panel doctor with a written certificate, signed by a doctor or public health official, proving that the applicant was adequately treated. Applicants who ever had a positive VDRL or other blood test for syphilis, and were not treated must give a written explanation signed by the applicant’s doctor to the panel physician.
患有梅毒病的申请人必须向医生组提供一份具有医生或公共卫生官员签字的书面证明， 由此证明该申请人得到的治愈，曾经性病检查呈阳性或是血液检查患有梅毒但当时没有治疗的申请人必须向送检医生提交一份书书面阐释，并要有申请人的医生签字。
If the applicant is pregnant must she have a chest x-ray?
已妊娠的申请人必须要做胸透吗？
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) requires that women who are pregnant and required to have a medical examination in connection with the issuance of a visa, and are examined in a country currently using the 2007 TB Technical Instructions must have a chest x-ray examination conducted. Pregnant women will have to provide the panel physician with consent to conduct the chest x-ray. For the health of the applicant and her unborn child, CDC instructs panel physicians and laboratories to provide abdominal and pelvic protection with double layer, wrap-around lead shields when they receive the chest radiographs.
美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)根据签证签发的相关规定，要求妊娠妇女、被要求做健康检查的女性以及来自目前使用2007年制定的肺结核技术检测指导的国家的女性申请人，都必须做胸透检查。 妊娠妇女也不得不同意医生组为其做胸透检查。但为了申请人及其腹中孩子的健康，美国疾病控制和预防中心规定医生和实验室在检查时要向被检查者的腹部和盆腔提供双层保护，使她们在接受胸部X光检查时得到全方位的保护。
What if the applicant has a history of harmful or violent behavior?
如果申请人有实施有害行为或暴力行为的历史怎么办？
Applicants with any history of harmful or violent behavior resulting in injury to people or animals, or harm to inanimate objects must provide information that will allow the panel physician to determine if the behavior was related to a psychiatric or medical problem, or to drug or alcohol use. Harmful behavior includes attempted suicide or self-harm, no matter how minor in nature.
有任何有害行为和暴力行为导致人或是动物受伤的申请人，或是有损坏其他无生命的物体记录的申请人必须向送检医生提供有效信息，使送检医生能够判定申请人的这些行为是否和他的精神疾病或心理疾病，或是吸食毒品或是饮酒有关。 有害行为包括曾尝试自杀或自残，无论情节有多轻。
What if the applicant has been treated or hospitalized for psychiatric or mental illness, or alcohol or drug abuse?
如果申请人曾经因精神疾病或心理疾病，或是因吸食毒品或酗酒被治疗或入院的记录怎么办？
Applicants treated or hospitalized for psychiatric or mental illness or alcohol or drug abuse must present written certification including the diagnosis, duration of treatment rendered, and prognosis.
曾经因精神疾病或心理疾病，或是因吸食毒品或酗酒被治疗或入院的申请人必须提交一份书面证明，其中包括诊断、治疗时间、治疗报告及预后。
What if the applicant is being treated for a chronic medical condition or is taking medication on a regular basis?
如果申请人因慢性疾病正在接受治疗或是正在按疗程服药怎么办？
Applicants being treated for chronic medical conditions, or those taking medications on a regular basis, should be familiar with the medical conditions being treated, and the names of the medications they are taking. Applicants unsure of their diagnoses must present a certificate describing the condition(s), the current treatment, and prognosis with a list of prescribed medications.
因慢性疾病正在接受治疗或是正在按疗程服药的申请人应该知道该疾病状况以及正在服用的药物的名字。对于不清楚自己诊断情况的申请人，他们必须提交一份带有病情描述、现阶段治疗情况、预后的证明材料，并列出所服用的处方药。
Can the applicant have a medical examination if she is having her menstrual period?
当申请人处于生理期时可否进行健康检查？
Yes, the applicant may have the examination even if she is having her menstrual period.
可以，即使申请女士处于生理期也可以进行健康检查。
Physicians
医生
Can the applicant have his/her physician perform the medical examination?
申请人可以让他/她自己的医生来给自己做健康检查吗？
The medical examination must be performed by an approved panel physician.
健康检查必须是由被核准的医生组进行。
Can the medical examination take place in the United States if the applicant is pursuing a visa application abroad while physically present in the United States?
如果申请人在申请境外签证时，身在美国，那么可以在美国进行健康检查吗？
Visa medical examinations may not be conducted in the United States. An alien pursuing a visa application abroad while physically present in the United States must have the medical examination conducted by a panel physician approved by the visa issuing U.S. Embassy/Consulate.
申请签证的健康检查不允许在美国进行。申请境外签证，而又身在美国的外籍人（非美国人）必须要由签证签发的美国大使馆/领事馆核准的医生为其进行健康检查。
Vaccinations
疫苗接种
What vaccinations are required?
需要接种哪些疫苗？
The following vaccinations are required for immigration purposes:
移民需要接种以下疫苗：
- Hepatitis A 甲肝疫苗
- Hepatitis B 乙肝疫苗
- Influenza 流感疫苗
- Influenza type b (Hib) 乙型流感疫苗
- Measles 麻疹疫苗
- Meningococcal 脑膜炎球菌疫苗
- Mumps 腮腺炎疫苗
- Pneumococcal 肺炎球菌疫苗
- Pertussis 百日咳疫苗
- Polio 小儿麻痹症疫苗
- Rotavirus 轮状病毒疫苗
- Rubella 风疹疫苗
- Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids 破伤风和白喉类霉素疫苗
- Varicella 水痘疫苗
For the Panel Physician Technical Instructions relating to the vaccination requirements, please visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website.
了解有关疫苗接种要求的医生组指导细则请访问Centers for Disease Control and Prevention。
What do I do if the applicant does not have a vaccination record?
如果申请人没有疫苗接种的记录我该怎样做？
The panel physician will work with the applicant to determine which vaccinations the applicant may need to meet vaccination requirements.
医生组要和申请人一起来决定接种哪些疫苗以符合疫苗接种的要求。
What if there is a medical reason for the applicant to not receive a listed vaccination?
如果由于健康状况问题，申请人没有接种所列疫苗怎么办？
Certain waivers of the vaccination requirement are available upon the recommendation of the panel physician.
某些疫苗接种要求的豁免问题可视专家医生组的建议而定。